CHEM 108 FINAL PRACTICE PAPER 2026
TESTED PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED
◉ How do you name an alkene? Answer: -ene ending with number
expressing where double bond begins (example: 2-pentene)
◉ How do you name an alkyne? Answer: -yne ending with number
expressing where double bond begins (example: 2-pentene)
◉ Given a reaction of an alkene and HCl, be able to predict the
product. Answer: Cs on either side of the double bond receive either
the H or the Cl and the bond is made a single bond. These are called
alkyl chlorides
◉ What is an ether? Answer: Two carbon R groups on either side of
an oxygen. R'-O-R"
◉ Given the structure of an alcohol, be able to give the IUPAC name.
Answer: -ane replaced with -ol and number of carbon containing
hydroxyl group in front (ex: 2-ethanol)
◉ Know the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary
alcohol. Answer: primary alcohols have 1 R group coming off of the
carbon containing the OH
,secondary alcohols have 2 R groups
tertiary alcohols have 3 R groups
◉ Understand the reasoning behind what affects the boiling points
of alcohols. Answer: Alcohols can form more than one hydrogen
bond. This creates stronger bonds causing an increase in boiling
point.
◉ Given several alcohols and alkanes, be able to predict their
solubility. Answer: More OHs = more soluble
Longer chain= less soluble
◉ Understand the process of the oxidation of primary, secondary,
tertiary, and quaternary alcohols. Answer: In oxidation 2 hydrogen
atoms are removed, one from the OH and one from the carbon
attached to the OH
oxidation of primary alcohols create an aldehyde or if excess oxygen
is used, a carboxylic acid
oxidation of secondary alcohols form ketones
tertiary alcohols can not be oxidized
◉ Be able to predict the product of the dehydration of an alcohol.
Answer: Alcohols lose water (OH and 1 H from a carbon) and form a
, double bond between carbon that lost the H and the carbon attached
to the OH
There will be a major and a minor product depending on which side
of the carbon atom attached to the OH loses the H. The major
product has the greatest number of alkyl groups directly attached to
the double-bonded carbons
ex: CH3-CH=CH-CH3 is the major product instead of CH3-CH2-
CH=CH2 because the first has two groups attached and the second
only has one
◉ Be able to name an ether. Answer: (Common name) alphabetically
name the compounds on either side of the ether and at the word
ether to the end
(IUPAC) (#)-(shortest substituent)oxy-(#)-(name of second
substituent)
◉ Given the expanded structure of an amine, be able to name the
compound. Answer: primary amines are named: (alkyl group) amine
secondary and tertiary amines are named: N - (alkyl group) (alkyl
group)amine or N,N- (alkyl group) (alkyl group) (alkyl group)amine
TESTED PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED
◉ How do you name an alkene? Answer: -ene ending with number
expressing where double bond begins (example: 2-pentene)
◉ How do you name an alkyne? Answer: -yne ending with number
expressing where double bond begins (example: 2-pentene)
◉ Given a reaction of an alkene and HCl, be able to predict the
product. Answer: Cs on either side of the double bond receive either
the H or the Cl and the bond is made a single bond. These are called
alkyl chlorides
◉ What is an ether? Answer: Two carbon R groups on either side of
an oxygen. R'-O-R"
◉ Given the structure of an alcohol, be able to give the IUPAC name.
Answer: -ane replaced with -ol and number of carbon containing
hydroxyl group in front (ex: 2-ethanol)
◉ Know the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary
alcohol. Answer: primary alcohols have 1 R group coming off of the
carbon containing the OH
,secondary alcohols have 2 R groups
tertiary alcohols have 3 R groups
◉ Understand the reasoning behind what affects the boiling points
of alcohols. Answer: Alcohols can form more than one hydrogen
bond. This creates stronger bonds causing an increase in boiling
point.
◉ Given several alcohols and alkanes, be able to predict their
solubility. Answer: More OHs = more soluble
Longer chain= less soluble
◉ Understand the process of the oxidation of primary, secondary,
tertiary, and quaternary alcohols. Answer: In oxidation 2 hydrogen
atoms are removed, one from the OH and one from the carbon
attached to the OH
oxidation of primary alcohols create an aldehyde or if excess oxygen
is used, a carboxylic acid
oxidation of secondary alcohols form ketones
tertiary alcohols can not be oxidized
◉ Be able to predict the product of the dehydration of an alcohol.
Answer: Alcohols lose water (OH and 1 H from a carbon) and form a
, double bond between carbon that lost the H and the carbon attached
to the OH
There will be a major and a minor product depending on which side
of the carbon atom attached to the OH loses the H. The major
product has the greatest number of alkyl groups directly attached to
the double-bonded carbons
ex: CH3-CH=CH-CH3 is the major product instead of CH3-CH2-
CH=CH2 because the first has two groups attached and the second
only has one
◉ Be able to name an ether. Answer: (Common name) alphabetically
name the compounds on either side of the ether and at the word
ether to the end
(IUPAC) (#)-(shortest substituent)oxy-(#)-(name of second
substituent)
◉ Given the expanded structure of an amine, be able to name the
compound. Answer: primary amines are named: (alkyl group) amine
secondary and tertiary amines are named: N - (alkyl group) (alkyl
group)amine or N,N- (alkyl group) (alkyl group) (alkyl group)amine
