PSYCHOLOGY 2301 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Norepinephrine - ✔✔low levels associated w/ depression; high levels associated
with agitated, manic states; learning, memory, dreaming, emotion, waking from sleep,
eating, alertness, wakefulness, reactions to stress.
✔✔CNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
✔✔PNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system composed of the nerves and neurons
connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for arousing the body and mobilizing its energy during
times of stress; also called the fight or flight system.
✔✔Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for calming the body and conserving energy.
✔✔Brainstem - ✔✔automatic survival; heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.
✔✔Medulla - ✔✔controls heartbeat and breathing
✔✔Pons - ✔✔Help coordinate automatic movement i.e. blinking, balance, etc.
✔✔Thalamus - ✔✔airport hub for sensory; your hand touches hot and passes it to
brain. Relays messages between lower brain and cerebral cortex.
✔✔Reticular formation - ✔✔filters information that is not necessary for conscious
processing (sound of a/c that you don't notice until someone points it out)
✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔Little Brain; is responsible for voluntary movements and balance as
well as some nonverbal learning, memory, and processing sensory input.
✔✔Amygdala - ✔✔A part of the limbic system that controls emotions, like aggression
and fear, and the formation of emotional memory.
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔influences hunger, thirst, sex, aggression
✔✔Cerebral Cortex - ✔✔The thin surface layer on the cerebral hemispheres that
regulates most complex behavior, including sensations, motor control, and higher
mental processes.
, ✔✔Corpus Callosum - ✔✔A bundle of neural fibers that connects the brain's two
hemispheres.
✔✔Frontal Lobes - ✔✔Speaking and muscle movements; making plans and judgments.
Personality (Phineas Gage)
✔✔Parietal Lobes - ✔✔The two lobes located at the top of the brain, in which bodily
sensations are received and interpreted.
✔✔Occipital Lobes - ✔✔The two lobes at the back of the brain that are primarily
responsible for vision and visual perception.
✔✔Temporal Lobes - ✔✔The two lobes on each side of the brain above the ears that
are involved in audition (hearing), language comprehension, memory, and some
emotional control.
✔✔EEG - ✔✔Attached to scalp, records and detects brain activity. Epilepsy/tumors
✔✔PET - ✔✔Glucose injected into stream;scanner records results. Detects
abnormalities and identifies brain areas active during activities. Reading/Singing
✔✔MRI - ✔✔electromagnets produce high-frequency magnetic field through brain; 3D
images of brain to identify abnormalities and mapping brain structures and function.
✔✔ Define Psychology - ✔✔The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
✔✔Functionalism - ✔✔Studies the way the mind functions.
✔✔Psychoanalysis - ✔✔An approach to understanding behavior and mental processes
developed by Freud, which focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved
conflicts. (Freud)
✔✔Behavioral Perspective - ✔✔An approach to understanding behavior and mental
processes that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences on overt
behavior. (Watson and Skinner)
✔✔Behaviorism - ✔✔Scientific study of observable behavior.
✔✔Humanistic - ✔✔Focuses on current environment, how it affects individual, and
whether basic needs of love and acceptance were being met.
✔✔Humanistic - ✔✔An approach to understanding behavior and mental processes that
perceives human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking; it emphasizes free
will and self-actualization. (Maslow and Rogers)
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Norepinephrine - ✔✔low levels associated w/ depression; high levels associated
with agitated, manic states; learning, memory, dreaming, emotion, waking from sleep,
eating, alertness, wakefulness, reactions to stress.
✔✔CNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
✔✔PNS - ✔✔The part of the nervous system composed of the nerves and neurons
connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for arousing the body and mobilizing its energy during
times of stress; also called the fight or flight system.
✔✔Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔The subdivision of the autonomic nervous
system (ANS) that is responsible for calming the body and conserving energy.
✔✔Brainstem - ✔✔automatic survival; heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.
✔✔Medulla - ✔✔controls heartbeat and breathing
✔✔Pons - ✔✔Help coordinate automatic movement i.e. blinking, balance, etc.
✔✔Thalamus - ✔✔airport hub for sensory; your hand touches hot and passes it to
brain. Relays messages between lower brain and cerebral cortex.
✔✔Reticular formation - ✔✔filters information that is not necessary for conscious
processing (sound of a/c that you don't notice until someone points it out)
✔✔Cerebellum - ✔✔Little Brain; is responsible for voluntary movements and balance as
well as some nonverbal learning, memory, and processing sensory input.
✔✔Amygdala - ✔✔A part of the limbic system that controls emotions, like aggression
and fear, and the formation of emotional memory.
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔influences hunger, thirst, sex, aggression
✔✔Cerebral Cortex - ✔✔The thin surface layer on the cerebral hemispheres that
regulates most complex behavior, including sensations, motor control, and higher
mental processes.
, ✔✔Corpus Callosum - ✔✔A bundle of neural fibers that connects the brain's two
hemispheres.
✔✔Frontal Lobes - ✔✔Speaking and muscle movements; making plans and judgments.
Personality (Phineas Gage)
✔✔Parietal Lobes - ✔✔The two lobes located at the top of the brain, in which bodily
sensations are received and interpreted.
✔✔Occipital Lobes - ✔✔The two lobes at the back of the brain that are primarily
responsible for vision and visual perception.
✔✔Temporal Lobes - ✔✔The two lobes on each side of the brain above the ears that
are involved in audition (hearing), language comprehension, memory, and some
emotional control.
✔✔EEG - ✔✔Attached to scalp, records and detects brain activity. Epilepsy/tumors
✔✔PET - ✔✔Glucose injected into stream;scanner records results. Detects
abnormalities and identifies brain areas active during activities. Reading/Singing
✔✔MRI - ✔✔electromagnets produce high-frequency magnetic field through brain; 3D
images of brain to identify abnormalities and mapping brain structures and function.
✔✔ Define Psychology - ✔✔The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
✔✔Functionalism - ✔✔Studies the way the mind functions.
✔✔Psychoanalysis - ✔✔An approach to understanding behavior and mental processes
developed by Freud, which focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved
conflicts. (Freud)
✔✔Behavioral Perspective - ✔✔An approach to understanding behavior and mental
processes that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences on overt
behavior. (Watson and Skinner)
✔✔Behaviorism - ✔✔Scientific study of observable behavior.
✔✔Humanistic - ✔✔Focuses on current environment, how it affects individual, and
whether basic needs of love and acceptance were being met.
✔✔Humanistic - ✔✔An approach to understanding behavior and mental processes that
perceives human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking; it emphasizes free
will and self-actualization. (Maslow and Rogers)
