Vascular Surgery Verified Exam Questions and Answers Latest update
2026/2027
Question:
and
Answer:
Question:
Fatty streak
Answer:
earliest viable lesion of atherosclerosis
Question:
Hallmark of atherosclerosis
Answer:
plaque
Question:
**3 components of plaque
Answer:
lipids
-inflammatory and smooth muscle cells
-connective tissue matrix containing thrombi in various stages
Question:
Risk factors for atherosclerosis
Answer:
DM and insulin resistance
-obesity
-elevated lipoprotein
-elevated C reactive protein
Question:
More than half the mortality associated with PVD results from?
Answer:
adverse cardiac events
,Question:
RCRI
Answer:
Revised Cardiac Risk Index
Question:
Components of RCRI
Answer:
high risk surgery
-hx of ischemic heart disease
-hx of CHF
-hx of CVA
-DM on insulin
-pre op Cr >2
Question:
**What are the MAJOR clinical predictors of having increased peri operative CV risk.
Answer:
UNCONTROLLED AFIF
-unstable coronary syndrome
-MI within last 30 days w/ evidence of ischemia
-unstable or severe angina
-decompensated HF
-stenosis or regurgitation valve disease
-high grade AV blocks
-PVCs
-SVT
Question:
**Intermediate clinical predictors of having increased peri operative CV risk
Answer:
mild angina
-prior MI
-Q waves
-compensated or prior CHF
-diabetes
,Question:
**Minor clinical predictors of having increased peri operative CV risk.
Answer:
advanced age
-abnormal EKG (LVH, LBBB, ST-T changes)
-rhythm other than NSR
-low functional capacity
-CVA
-uncontrolled HTN
Question:
**Non Cardiac Procedures that have a high cardiac risk >5%
Answer:
emergent major operations specifically in the elderly
-aortic and other major vascular surgery
-peripheral vascular
-anticipated prolonged procedures associated with large fluid shifts/blood loss
Question:
**Non cardiac procedures that have an intermediate cardiac risk <5%
Answer:
carotid endarterectomy
-head and neck surgery
-intraperitoneal and intrathoracic
-ortho
prostate
Question:
**Non cardiac procedures that have a low cardiac risk <1%
Answer:
endoscopic procedures
-superficial procedure
-cataracts
-breast surgery
Question:
High cardiac risk
Answer:
>5%
, Question:
Intermediate cardiac risk
Answer:
<5%
Question:
Low cardiac risk
Answer:
<1%
Question:
Activities for a METS score <4
Answer:
take care of self
-eat, dress, or use the toilet
-walk inside the house
-walk a block or 2 at ground level at 2-3 mph
Question:
Activities for a MET score of 4+
Answer:
light house work
-climb a flight of stairs or walk up a hill
-walk at ground level at 4 mph
-run a short distance
-scrubbing or lifting furniture; heavy house work
-moderate recreational activities (golf, bowling)
Question:
Activities for a MET score of 10
Answer:
participates in strenuous sports like swimming, singles tennis, football, basketball, or skiing
Question:
Diseases that over lap with atherosclerotic disease
Answer:
CAD
-cerebral artery disease
-PAD
2026/2027
Question:
and
Answer:
Question:
Fatty streak
Answer:
earliest viable lesion of atherosclerosis
Question:
Hallmark of atherosclerosis
Answer:
plaque
Question:
**3 components of plaque
Answer:
lipids
-inflammatory and smooth muscle cells
-connective tissue matrix containing thrombi in various stages
Question:
Risk factors for atherosclerosis
Answer:
DM and insulin resistance
-obesity
-elevated lipoprotein
-elevated C reactive protein
Question:
More than half the mortality associated with PVD results from?
Answer:
adverse cardiac events
,Question:
RCRI
Answer:
Revised Cardiac Risk Index
Question:
Components of RCRI
Answer:
high risk surgery
-hx of ischemic heart disease
-hx of CHF
-hx of CVA
-DM on insulin
-pre op Cr >2
Question:
**What are the MAJOR clinical predictors of having increased peri operative CV risk.
Answer:
UNCONTROLLED AFIF
-unstable coronary syndrome
-MI within last 30 days w/ evidence of ischemia
-unstable or severe angina
-decompensated HF
-stenosis or regurgitation valve disease
-high grade AV blocks
-PVCs
-SVT
Question:
**Intermediate clinical predictors of having increased peri operative CV risk
Answer:
mild angina
-prior MI
-Q waves
-compensated or prior CHF
-diabetes
,Question:
**Minor clinical predictors of having increased peri operative CV risk.
Answer:
advanced age
-abnormal EKG (LVH, LBBB, ST-T changes)
-rhythm other than NSR
-low functional capacity
-CVA
-uncontrolled HTN
Question:
**Non Cardiac Procedures that have a high cardiac risk >5%
Answer:
emergent major operations specifically in the elderly
-aortic and other major vascular surgery
-peripheral vascular
-anticipated prolonged procedures associated with large fluid shifts/blood loss
Question:
**Non cardiac procedures that have an intermediate cardiac risk <5%
Answer:
carotid endarterectomy
-head and neck surgery
-intraperitoneal and intrathoracic
-ortho
prostate
Question:
**Non cardiac procedures that have a low cardiac risk <1%
Answer:
endoscopic procedures
-superficial procedure
-cataracts
-breast surgery
Question:
High cardiac risk
Answer:
>5%
, Question:
Intermediate cardiac risk
Answer:
<5%
Question:
Low cardiac risk
Answer:
<1%
Question:
Activities for a METS score <4
Answer:
take care of self
-eat, dress, or use the toilet
-walk inside the house
-walk a block or 2 at ground level at 2-3 mph
Question:
Activities for a MET score of 4+
Answer:
light house work
-climb a flight of stairs or walk up a hill
-walk at ground level at 4 mph
-run a short distance
-scrubbing or lifting furniture; heavy house work
-moderate recreational activities (golf, bowling)
Question:
Activities for a MET score of 10
Answer:
participates in strenuous sports like swimming, singles tennis, football, basketball, or skiing
Question:
Diseases that over lap with atherosclerotic disease
Answer:
CAD
-cerebral artery disease
-PAD
