Card Exam 1 BCAT Certification Exam
Questions and Answers Verified Solutions
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question:
Risk
Answer:
Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor
Question:
Prevalence
Answer:
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease.
Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a
population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population
divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Question:
Incidence
Answer:
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a
disease during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases
of a disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of
persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Question:
Ratio
,Answer:
The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or
is contained within the other.
Question:
Primary Prevention
Answer:
Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Question:
Secondary Prevention
Answer:
Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Question:
Tertiary Prevention
Answer:
Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Question:
Epidemiology
Answer:
study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining the occurrence, incidence,
prevalence, transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
,Question:
Endemic
Answer:
A disease theat is native to a local region
Question:
Epidemic
Answer:
When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
Question:
Pandemic
Answer:
Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
Question:
*Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*
Question:
Homeostasis
Answer:
A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
Question:
Exhausation
Answer:
, Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious
agents
Question:
Allostatic Overload
Answer:
"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response;
effect of "wear and tear" on the body
Question:
Adaptation
Answer:
Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to new or altered circumstances,
internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Question:
Arousal
Answer:
Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional
reactivity, and to changes in motor activity
Question:
Function of Cortisol
Answer:
Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
Questions and Answers Verified Solutions
Latest Update 2026/2027
Question:
Risk
Answer:
Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of encountering a stressor
Question:
Prevalence
Answer:
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of having a disease.
Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing in a
population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population
divided by the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Question:
Incidence
Answer:
A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a
disease during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly diagnosed cases
of a disease. An incidence rate is the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number of
persons at risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Question:
Ratio
,Answer:
The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or
is contained within the other.
Question:
Primary Prevention
Answer:
Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Question:
Secondary Prevention
Answer:
Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Question:
Tertiary Prevention
Answer:
Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Question:
Epidemiology
Answer:
study of the patterns of disease involving populations; examining the occurrence, incidence,
prevalence, transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of populations/people
,Question:
Endemic
Answer:
A disease theat is native to a local region
Question:
Epidemic
Answer:
When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
Question:
Pandemic
Answer:
Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
Question:
*Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*
Question:
Homeostasis
Answer:
A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
Question:
Exhausation
Answer:
, Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious
agents
Question:
Allostatic Overload
Answer:
"Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response;
effect of "wear and tear" on the body
Question:
Adaptation
Answer:
Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to new or altered circumstances,
internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Question:
Arousal
Answer:
Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional
reactivity, and to changes in motor activity
Question:
Function of Cortisol
Answer:
Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
