NU 170 MATERNAL CHILD EXAM 1 (Latest
) 100% Correct Questions &
Answers - Galen
EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH OF THE UMBILICAL CORD VESSELS: - correct
answer o Foramen ovale
Diverts blood from right atrium to left atrium to bypass lungs
o Ductus arteriosus
Diverts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta to bypass lungs
o Ductus venosus
Diverts blood away from liver
EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT: -
correct answer o Most defects require surgery
o Types - cyanotic or acyanotic
o 50% of these infants show signs or symptoms within the first year of life
o Can be caused by genetic, maternal, or environmental factors
Not a problem for the fetus because of the fetal-maternal circulation
,At birth, the infant's circulatory system must take over and provide the child's oxygen
needs
EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT: -
correct answer o Most common heart anomaly
o Opening between right and left ventricles
o Loud, harsh murmur
o Small defects could have spontaneous closure
o Large defects surgical repair with sutures or patch
EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS: -
correct answer o Ductus arteriosus does not close
o Oxygenated blood recycles through lungs
o As child grows, dyspnea is experienced
o Machinery-type murmur
o Premature infants - indomethacin to close shunt
o Term infants may need surgery
,EXPLAIN THE 4 DEFECTS, S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT:
- correct answer o Four defects (must have all 4)
Stenosis or narrowing of the pulmonary artery
o Decreases blood flow to the lungs
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
o Enlarges because it must work harder to pump blood through the narrow pulmonary
artery
Dextroposition of the aorta
o The aorta is displaced to the right and blood from both ventricles enters it
Ventral septal defect (VSD)
o Opening between ventricles
o Chest x-ray shows boot shaped heart
o Electrocardiogram
o Cardiac catherization
o Complications
Polycythemia, anemia, bacterial endocarditis
o Treat - temporary shunt and open heart surgery to correct defects 4 months to 2
years
, EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF CHF: - correct answer • Congestive
Heart Failure (CHF)
o Manifestations depend on the side of the heart affected
Right side of the heart moves unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circulation
o A failure results in the backup of blood in the systemic venous system
Left side of heart moves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation to the
systemic circulation
o Failure results in backup into the lungs
• Early Signs of CHF in Infants
o Tachycardia at rest
o Fatigue during feeding
o Sweating around scalp and forehead
o Dyspnea
o Sudden weight gain
• CHF Goals of Treatment
o Reduce the work of the heart
o Improve respiration
) 100% Correct Questions &
Answers - Galen
EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH OF THE UMBILICAL CORD VESSELS: - correct
answer o Foramen ovale
Diverts blood from right atrium to left atrium to bypass lungs
o Ductus arteriosus
Diverts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta to bypass lungs
o Ductus venosus
Diverts blood away from liver
EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT: -
correct answer o Most defects require surgery
o Types - cyanotic or acyanotic
o 50% of these infants show signs or symptoms within the first year of life
o Can be caused by genetic, maternal, or environmental factors
Not a problem for the fetus because of the fetal-maternal circulation
,At birth, the infant's circulatory system must take over and provide the child's oxygen
needs
EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT: -
correct answer o Most common heart anomaly
o Opening between right and left ventricles
o Loud, harsh murmur
o Small defects could have spontaneous closure
o Large defects surgical repair with sutures or patch
EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS: -
correct answer o Ductus arteriosus does not close
o Oxygenated blood recycles through lungs
o As child grows, dyspnea is experienced
o Machinery-type murmur
o Premature infants - indomethacin to close shunt
o Term infants may need surgery
,EXPLAIN THE 4 DEFECTS, S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT:
- correct answer o Four defects (must have all 4)
Stenosis or narrowing of the pulmonary artery
o Decreases blood flow to the lungs
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
o Enlarges because it must work harder to pump blood through the narrow pulmonary
artery
Dextroposition of the aorta
o The aorta is displaced to the right and blood from both ventricles enters it
Ventral septal defect (VSD)
o Opening between ventricles
o Chest x-ray shows boot shaped heart
o Electrocardiogram
o Cardiac catherization
o Complications
Polycythemia, anemia, bacterial endocarditis
o Treat - temporary shunt and open heart surgery to correct defects 4 months to 2
years
, EXPLAIN THE S/S, NX CARE, PT TEACHING, TX OF CHF: - correct answer • Congestive
Heart Failure (CHF)
o Manifestations depend on the side of the heart affected
Right side of the heart moves unoxygenated blood to the pulmonary circulation
o A failure results in the backup of blood in the systemic venous system
Left side of heart moves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation to the
systemic circulation
o Failure results in backup into the lungs
• Early Signs of CHF in Infants
o Tachycardia at rest
o Fatigue during feeding
o Sweating around scalp and forehead
o Dyspnea
o Sudden weight gain
• CHF Goals of Treatment
o Reduce the work of the heart
o Improve respiration
