,1. Homeostasis is best described as the body's ability to:
A. Maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes
B. Eliminate all disease-causing organisms
C. Produce hormones continuously
D. Increase metabolism during illness
Answer: A
Explanation: Homeostasis maintains a relatively constant internal environment
through coordinated physiologic mechanisms involving the nervous and endocrine
systems.
2. Which feedback mechanism reverses a change and restores normal balance?
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Feedforward regulation
D. Cellular adaptation
Answer: A
Explanation: Negative feedback opposes changes from a normal set point, such as
regulating blood glucose or body temperature.
,3. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
A. Oxytocin release during labor
B. Regulation of blood glucose
C. Control of blood pressure
D. Body temperature regulation
Answer: A
Explanation: Positive feedback amplifies a response until a specific event is
completed, such as childbirth or blood clot formation.
4. The primary function of the cell membrane is to:
A. Regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell
B. Produce ATP
C. Store genetic material
D. Synthesize proteins
Answer: A
Explanation: The selectively permeable cell membrane controls the movement of
nutrients, electrolytes, and waste products while maintaining cellular integrity.
5. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?
A. Mitochondrion
, B. Ribosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: A
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic metabolism and provide
the energy required for cellular functions.
6. Ribosomes are primarily responsible for:
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid storage
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Answer: A
Explanation: Ribosomes translate messenger RNA into proteins needed for cell
growth, repair, and function.
7. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the size of individual cells?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
A. Maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes
B. Eliminate all disease-causing organisms
C. Produce hormones continuously
D. Increase metabolism during illness
Answer: A
Explanation: Homeostasis maintains a relatively constant internal environment
through coordinated physiologic mechanisms involving the nervous and endocrine
systems.
2. Which feedback mechanism reverses a change and restores normal balance?
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Feedforward regulation
D. Cellular adaptation
Answer: A
Explanation: Negative feedback opposes changes from a normal set point, such as
regulating blood glucose or body temperature.
,3. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
A. Oxytocin release during labor
B. Regulation of blood glucose
C. Control of blood pressure
D. Body temperature regulation
Answer: A
Explanation: Positive feedback amplifies a response until a specific event is
completed, such as childbirth or blood clot formation.
4. The primary function of the cell membrane is to:
A. Regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell
B. Produce ATP
C. Store genetic material
D. Synthesize proteins
Answer: A
Explanation: The selectively permeable cell membrane controls the movement of
nutrients, electrolytes, and waste products while maintaining cellular integrity.
5. Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?
A. Mitochondrion
, B. Ribosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: A
Explanation: Mitochondria generate ATP through aerobic metabolism and provide
the energy required for cellular functions.
6. Ribosomes are primarily responsible for:
A. Protein synthesis
B. Lipid storage
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Answer: A
Explanation: Ribosomes translate messenger RNA into proteins needed for cell
growth, repair, and function.
7. Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the size of individual cells?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Atrophy
