PARAMEDIC TRAUMA LATEST 2026/2027 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔high velocity penetrating trauma - ✔✔usually a bullet
✔✔elastic - ✔✔bowels, muscle, and lungs are relatively _________, resulting in fewer
permanent cavitation effects
✔✔inelastic - ✔✔liver, spleen, and brain are relatively __________, resulting in more
permanent cavitation effects
✔✔dissipation of energy - ✔✔the way energy is transferred to the human body by the
forces acting upon it
✔✔exit wounds - ✔✔_____ _____ occur when projectile's energy is not entirely
dissipated
✔✔primary blast injury - ✔✔Injuries caused by an explosive pressure wave on the
hollow organs of the body-lungs, eardrums, etc
✔✔secondary blast injury - ✔✔Penetrating or non-penetrating injuries caused by
ordinance projectiles or shrapnel
✔✔tertiary blast injury - ✔✔victim is thrown or hurled by the force of the explosion into
an object or the ground
✔✔quaternary blast injury - ✔✔A blast injury that falls into one of the following
categories: burns, crush injuries, toxic inhalation, entrapment
✔✔Quinary Blast Injury - ✔✔category of blast injury resulting from a hyperinflammatory
state caused by exposure to contaminants from a blast. Exposure may occur through
direct contact with tissues, inhalation, or injection if projectiles that pierce the skin are
contaminated. Contaminants that may result in quinary blast injury include chemicals,
bacteria, and radiation.
"dirty bombs"
✔✔trauma score - ✔✔A score calculated from 1 to 16, with 16 being the best possible
score. It relates to the likelihood of patient survival with the exception of a severe head
injury. It takes into account the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, respiratory rate,
respiratory expansion, systolic blood pressure, and capillary refill.
✔✔intubate!! - ✔✔less than 8...
✔✔revised trauma score - ✔✔usually used for a patient with head trauma
, score of 0-12
based on GCS, systolic BP, and RR
✔✔lethal triad - ✔✔- Hypothermia--keep them warm
- Coagulopathy--permissive hypotension
- Acidosis--monitor ETCO2 and HF O2
✔✔burns!! - ✔✔trauma trumps...
✔✔subcutaneous tissue, major vessels, superficial fascia - ✔✔layers of the scalp
✔✔coup-contrecoup injury - ✔✔A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the
head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of
original impact; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injury occurs on
the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds
✔✔cerebral cortex - ✔✔largest portion of cerebrum
regulates voluntary skeletal movement and the level of awareness
✔✔parasthesia, weakness, paralysis of extremities - ✔✔injury to the cerebrum may
result in...
✔✔frontal lobe - ✔✔responsible for voluntary motor action and personality traits
filters emotional impulses from limbic system
injury may result in personality changes
✔✔parietal lobe - ✔✔controls perception of pain, temperature, and vibration-perceive
position and movement
injury may result in ability to do simple calculations
✔✔occipital lobe - ✔✔processes visual information
blow to back of the head causes someone to "see stars"
✔✔temporal lobe** - ✔✔controls speech, memory, hearing, taste, and smell
✔✔cerebellum - ✔✔"athletes brain"
maintenance of posture, equilibrium, and coordination
injury can prevent the patient from performing rapid alternating movements and impair
ability to touch the finger to the nose or walk in a straight line
✔✔brain stem - ✔✔midbrain, pons, and medulla-connects spinal cord to the rest of the
brain-contains the reticular activating system (RAS) which maintains consciousness
also controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration
damage can cause cardiovascular and/or respiratory arrest or death
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔high velocity penetrating trauma - ✔✔usually a bullet
✔✔elastic - ✔✔bowels, muscle, and lungs are relatively _________, resulting in fewer
permanent cavitation effects
✔✔inelastic - ✔✔liver, spleen, and brain are relatively __________, resulting in more
permanent cavitation effects
✔✔dissipation of energy - ✔✔the way energy is transferred to the human body by the
forces acting upon it
✔✔exit wounds - ✔✔_____ _____ occur when projectile's energy is not entirely
dissipated
✔✔primary blast injury - ✔✔Injuries caused by an explosive pressure wave on the
hollow organs of the body-lungs, eardrums, etc
✔✔secondary blast injury - ✔✔Penetrating or non-penetrating injuries caused by
ordinance projectiles or shrapnel
✔✔tertiary blast injury - ✔✔victim is thrown or hurled by the force of the explosion into
an object or the ground
✔✔quaternary blast injury - ✔✔A blast injury that falls into one of the following
categories: burns, crush injuries, toxic inhalation, entrapment
✔✔Quinary Blast Injury - ✔✔category of blast injury resulting from a hyperinflammatory
state caused by exposure to contaminants from a blast. Exposure may occur through
direct contact with tissues, inhalation, or injection if projectiles that pierce the skin are
contaminated. Contaminants that may result in quinary blast injury include chemicals,
bacteria, and radiation.
"dirty bombs"
✔✔trauma score - ✔✔A score calculated from 1 to 16, with 16 being the best possible
score. It relates to the likelihood of patient survival with the exception of a severe head
injury. It takes into account the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, respiratory rate,
respiratory expansion, systolic blood pressure, and capillary refill.
✔✔intubate!! - ✔✔less than 8...
✔✔revised trauma score - ✔✔usually used for a patient with head trauma
, score of 0-12
based on GCS, systolic BP, and RR
✔✔lethal triad - ✔✔- Hypothermia--keep them warm
- Coagulopathy--permissive hypotension
- Acidosis--monitor ETCO2 and HF O2
✔✔burns!! - ✔✔trauma trumps...
✔✔subcutaneous tissue, major vessels, superficial fascia - ✔✔layers of the scalp
✔✔coup-contrecoup injury - ✔✔A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the
head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of
original impact; coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injury occurs on
the opposite side of impact, as the brain rebounds
✔✔cerebral cortex - ✔✔largest portion of cerebrum
regulates voluntary skeletal movement and the level of awareness
✔✔parasthesia, weakness, paralysis of extremities - ✔✔injury to the cerebrum may
result in...
✔✔frontal lobe - ✔✔responsible for voluntary motor action and personality traits
filters emotional impulses from limbic system
injury may result in personality changes
✔✔parietal lobe - ✔✔controls perception of pain, temperature, and vibration-perceive
position and movement
injury may result in ability to do simple calculations
✔✔occipital lobe - ✔✔processes visual information
blow to back of the head causes someone to "see stars"
✔✔temporal lobe** - ✔✔controls speech, memory, hearing, taste, and smell
✔✔cerebellum - ✔✔"athletes brain"
maintenance of posture, equilibrium, and coordination
injury can prevent the patient from performing rapid alternating movements and impair
ability to touch the finger to the nose or walk in a straight line
✔✔brain stem - ✔✔midbrain, pons, and medulla-connects spinal cord to the rest of the
brain-contains the reticular activating system (RAS) which maintains consciousness
also controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration
damage can cause cardiovascular and/or respiratory arrest or death
