PARAMEDIC TRAUMA MAIN EXAMS 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔partial thickness burn - ✔✔a burn in which the first layer of skin (epidermis) is
burned through and the dermis (second layer) is damaged. Burns of this type cause
reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearence. (Also called second-degree burn).
✔✔full thickness burn - ✔✔a burn involving destruction of the entire skin; extends into
subcutaneous fat, muscle, or bone and often causes severe scarring; commonly called
a third-degree burn, sensory nerves are destroyed
least painful but most damaging
more than 10% of BSA and full thickness-major burn
*dry dressings*
✔✔moderate partial thickness burn - ✔✔identified by blistering
✔✔deep partial thickness burn - ✔✔involves the dermis, destroys hair follicles
✔✔lower airway - ✔✔steam or hot particulate matter associated with damage to the
vocal cords and larynx as well as the...
✔✔upper airway - ✔✔superheated gases are associated with damage to the...
smoke and superheated gas inhalation cause the majority of deaths from fires--thermal
burns to the airway, hypoxia from lack of oxygen, tissue damage and toxic effects
✔✔hyperkalemia - ✔✔______ can result from potassium shifting out of the cells after
severe burn injury (burn shock)
✔✔rule of palms - ✔✔size of the PATIENTS palm represents 1% of the body's surface
area
✔✔rule of 9's - ✔✔Head and neck = 9%
Upper Ex = 9% front and 9% back (18% circumferential)
Lower Ex = 9% front and 9% back (18% circumferential)
Front trunk = 18% (chest 9%, abdomen 9%)
Back trunk = 18%
genitalia 1%
✔✔major burns - ✔✔full thickness, partial thickness and more than 10% of BSA, burns
to hands/face/neck/genitalia, loss of sensory function, inhalation burns, burns in
conjunction with preexisting medical conditions, risk of morbidity or mortality, children
✔✔dry lime - ✔✔alkali burn-combining with water will produce a highly corrosive
substance
, remove clothing, brush off as much as possible, and then shower
✔✔sodium metals - ✔✔cover with oil
water will make it explosive
✔✔hydrofluoric acid - ✔✔calcium gluconate or calcium chloride jelly
✔✔gas/diesel - ✔✔soap and water
✔✔hot tar - ✔✔Immerse the area in cold water to dissipate the heat from the tar and
speed up the hardening process. Once the tar has cooled, it will do no further damage,
and there is no need to try to remove it in the field
✔✔alternating current - ✔✔may freeze the patient until current source is turned off
this leads to cardiac damage, *kidney failure* (electrical energy damages muscles and
releases myoglobin which will result in kidney issues/failure-rhabdomyolosis), and lethal
arrhythmias
✔✔electrical exposure - ✔✔________ ________ can cause a complete shutdown of the
respiratory muscles as well as trigger v-fib
✔✔acute radiation syndrome - ✔✔life-threatening symptoms resulting from acute
exposure to ionizing radiation, including nausea, vomiting, severe leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia, and alopecia
affects the CNS, hematologic, and GI systems
✔✔hypothermia - ✔✔at or below 95 degrees
hypothalamus stimulated, vessels constrict, body shivers
RR will initially rise and then drop eventually with a drop in tidal volume as well
✔✔hyperthermia - ✔✔100.4 and above
hypothalamus stimulated, vessels dilate, sweating
✔✔metabolism - ✔✔at rest, the body produces heat by ______ of nutrients and
glycogen breakdown, with liberation of water an CO2
✔✔thermolysis - ✔✔release of stored heat and energy of the body
an increase in core body temp causes vasodilation and sweating which leads to: fluid
shifting-increasing the volume of fluids in the vascular space, cardiac output, pulse rate
and stroke volume
✔✔radiation - ✔✔The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔partial thickness burn - ✔✔a burn in which the first layer of skin (epidermis) is
burned through and the dermis (second layer) is damaged. Burns of this type cause
reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearence. (Also called second-degree burn).
✔✔full thickness burn - ✔✔a burn involving destruction of the entire skin; extends into
subcutaneous fat, muscle, or bone and often causes severe scarring; commonly called
a third-degree burn, sensory nerves are destroyed
least painful but most damaging
more than 10% of BSA and full thickness-major burn
*dry dressings*
✔✔moderate partial thickness burn - ✔✔identified by blistering
✔✔deep partial thickness burn - ✔✔involves the dermis, destroys hair follicles
✔✔lower airway - ✔✔steam or hot particulate matter associated with damage to the
vocal cords and larynx as well as the...
✔✔upper airway - ✔✔superheated gases are associated with damage to the...
smoke and superheated gas inhalation cause the majority of deaths from fires--thermal
burns to the airway, hypoxia from lack of oxygen, tissue damage and toxic effects
✔✔hyperkalemia - ✔✔______ can result from potassium shifting out of the cells after
severe burn injury (burn shock)
✔✔rule of palms - ✔✔size of the PATIENTS palm represents 1% of the body's surface
area
✔✔rule of 9's - ✔✔Head and neck = 9%
Upper Ex = 9% front and 9% back (18% circumferential)
Lower Ex = 9% front and 9% back (18% circumferential)
Front trunk = 18% (chest 9%, abdomen 9%)
Back trunk = 18%
genitalia 1%
✔✔major burns - ✔✔full thickness, partial thickness and more than 10% of BSA, burns
to hands/face/neck/genitalia, loss of sensory function, inhalation burns, burns in
conjunction with preexisting medical conditions, risk of morbidity or mortality, children
✔✔dry lime - ✔✔alkali burn-combining with water will produce a highly corrosive
substance
, remove clothing, brush off as much as possible, and then shower
✔✔sodium metals - ✔✔cover with oil
water will make it explosive
✔✔hydrofluoric acid - ✔✔calcium gluconate or calcium chloride jelly
✔✔gas/diesel - ✔✔soap and water
✔✔hot tar - ✔✔Immerse the area in cold water to dissipate the heat from the tar and
speed up the hardening process. Once the tar has cooled, it will do no further damage,
and there is no need to try to remove it in the field
✔✔alternating current - ✔✔may freeze the patient until current source is turned off
this leads to cardiac damage, *kidney failure* (electrical energy damages muscles and
releases myoglobin which will result in kidney issues/failure-rhabdomyolosis), and lethal
arrhythmias
✔✔electrical exposure - ✔✔________ ________ can cause a complete shutdown of the
respiratory muscles as well as trigger v-fib
✔✔acute radiation syndrome - ✔✔life-threatening symptoms resulting from acute
exposure to ionizing radiation, including nausea, vomiting, severe leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia, and alopecia
affects the CNS, hematologic, and GI systems
✔✔hypothermia - ✔✔at or below 95 degrees
hypothalamus stimulated, vessels constrict, body shivers
RR will initially rise and then drop eventually with a drop in tidal volume as well
✔✔hyperthermia - ✔✔100.4 and above
hypothalamus stimulated, vessels dilate, sweating
✔✔metabolism - ✔✔at rest, the body produces heat by ______ of nutrients and
glycogen breakdown, with liberation of water an CO2
✔✔thermolysis - ✔✔release of stored heat and energy of the body
an increase in core body temp causes vasodilation and sweating which leads to: fluid
shifting-increasing the volume of fluids in the vascular space, cardiac output, pulse rate
and stroke volume
✔✔radiation - ✔✔The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
