EFMB ACTUAL FINAL EXAMS TIPS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypothermia in Military Working Dogs caused by low body temperature due to
trauma, toxicity, underlying illness, or anesthesia and surgery is classified as
__________ hypothermia. - ✔✔secondary
✔✔Calculate the estimated percent of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) burned on a
Military Working Dog suffering from burns to the head, neck, chest, and abdomen. -
✔✔Head & Neck - 9%
Chest - 18%
Abdomen - 18%
Each Forelimb - 9%
Each Hindlimb - 9%
9% + 18% + 18% = 45%
✔✔For PO supplementary analgesia for an injured Military Working Dog, administer
__________ 5-10ml/kg PO q8-12h for up to five (5) days. - ✔✔Tramadol
✔✔Section 5: Whole Blood Transfusion - ✔✔-
,✔✔How long can whole blood collected in the anticoagulant CPD be stored? - ✔✔21
Days at 1-6°C
✔✔How long can whole blood collected in the anticoagulant CPDA-1 be stored? -
✔✔35 Days at 1-6°C
✔✔If stored at room temperature, fresh whole blood must be destroyed if not used
within what time period? - ✔✔24 Hours of Collection
✔✔T/F: The most important safety consideration in transfusing whole blood is that
donor red blood cells be compatible with the recipient to avoid acute hemolytic
transfusion reactions (a.k.a., major mismatch) - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔How often SHOULD titer and transfusion transmitted disease retesting be
conducted? - ✔✔Every 90 Days
✔✔In order to mitigate the risk of transfusion-associated acute lung injury (TRALI), the
Armed Services Blood Program collects whole blood from everyone EXCEPT: - ✔✔1.
Pregnant Females
2. Females Testing Positive for Anti-HLA Antibodies
✔✔__________ is the preferred resuscitation product for the pre-hospital treatment of
patients in hemorrhagic shock. - ✔✔Whole blood, and in particular, Low Tier O-Whole
Blood (LTOWB)
✔✔Storage lesion describes the degradation of the red blood cells (RBC) involving the
loss of what? - ✔✔membrane plasticity, diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate,
nitric oxide, and other factors leading to potentially reduced delivery of oxygen
✔✔T/F: Fresh whole blood (FWB) is FDA-approved and is intended or indicated for
routine use. - ✔✔FALSE. FWB is NOT FDA-approved and is NOT intended or indicated
for routine use.
✔✔Fresh whole blood is to be used only when... - ✔✔1. Other blood products cannot be
delivered at an acceptable rate to sustain the resuscitation of an actively bleeding
patient
2. When specific stored products are not available (Stored Whole Blood, Red Blood
Cells, Fresh Frozen Plasma, Platelets, Cryo)
3. When stored components are not adequately resuscitating a patient with an
immediately life-threatening injury.
✔✔T/F: Fresh whole blood should routinely be collected from pre-screened donors as a
way to maintain a routine inventory of Walking Blood Bank - Stored Whole Blood
,products. - ✔✔FALSE. Fresh whole blood should not routinely be collected from pre-
screened donors. Use of Walking Blood Bank for collection of FWB is for emergency
use only.
✔✔In general, whole blood units should not be collected from donors more frequently
than every __________ weeks. - ✔✔8
✔✔T/F: In situations where there are a limited number of donors and a dire need for
blood, no more than three (3) units may be taken from a single donor. - ✔✔FALSE. No
more than two (2) units may be taken from a single donor.
✔✔Is there a known contraindication to using whole blood in pediatric casualties? -
✔✔No
✔✔A massive transfusion in children is defined as __________ mL/kg - ✔✔40 mL/kg
✔✔Section 6: Infection Prevention in Combat-Related Injuries - ✔✔-
✔✔T/F: Infection Prevention in Combat-Related Injuries standard precautions apply to
all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed infectious status. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔The World Health Organization's "five moments of hand hygiene" include... - ✔✔1.
Use of Soap & Water or Alcohol-Based Sanitizer Before Patient Contact;
2. Before Aseptic Tasks;
3. After Body Fluid Exposure Risk;
4. After Patient Contact; and
5. After Contact with Patient Surroundings, Even if Gloves were Worn
✔✔What are Infection Prevention in Combat-related injuries standard precautions? -
✔✔1. Handwashing
2. Gloves
3. Gowns
4. Masks
5. Goggles or Face Shields
1. Hand Hygiene
2. Cohorting
3. Transmission-Based Isolation
* To prevent spread from other hospitalized patients and to decrease antibiotic pressure
selecting for resistant organisms *
✔✔T/F: When implementing infection prevention measures in a combat zone, Cohorting
is the process of clustering host nation patients (who are not eligible to evacuate from
, theater) and U.S. and coalition patients (who are eligible for evacuation from theater)
and separate when possible to reduce the risk of cross-contamination with multi-drug
resistant organisms. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔__________ and __________ should be worn with all patients suspected or known
to have multi-drug resistant organism colonization or infection with C. difficile-infection
(CDI). - ✔✔Gloves, gowns
✔✔Daily __________ of ICU patients has shown a reduction of infections with
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). - ✔✔bathing
✔✔T/F: Antimicrobial drug usage has no impact on the development of multidrug-
resistant organisms. - ✔✔FALSE. Antimicrobial drug usage CONTRIBUTES to the
development of multi-drug resistant organisms.
* Use of overly broad antibiotics for combat trauma prophylaxis has resulted in an
increased risk of MDRO infection without improvement in long-term clinical outcomes *
✔✔T/F: All facilities should avoid unnecessary empiric use of broad spectrum
antibiotics. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔T/F: Prolonged duration of prophylaxis has been shown to decrease long term rates
of infections in patients with combat-related open fractures. - ✔✔FALSE. Prolonged
duration of prophylaxis has NOT been shown to decrease long term rates of infections.
✔✔Blast injuries, especially those related to __________, present a unique bloodborne
pathogen risk if an impaled body part is introduced into the trauma patient. - ✔✔suicide
bomber attacks
✔✔T/F: The risk of transmission for human immunodeficiency virus is considered very
high after blast injury and generally warrants immediate action regardless of the region
of operation. - ✔✔FALSE. The risk of HIV is considered VERY LOW after blast injury
and generally warrants NO ACTION.
✔✔For a patient that sustained injuries from a suicide bomber, testing for Hepatitis B
virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) should be obtained __________
and up to six (6) months post-exposure. - ✔✔at the time of exposure
✔✔Which role of care should have a designated Infection Prevention and Control
Officer? - ✔✔Roles 2 & 3
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Hypothermia in Military Working Dogs caused by low body temperature due to
trauma, toxicity, underlying illness, or anesthesia and surgery is classified as
__________ hypothermia. - ✔✔secondary
✔✔Calculate the estimated percent of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) burned on a
Military Working Dog suffering from burns to the head, neck, chest, and abdomen. -
✔✔Head & Neck - 9%
Chest - 18%
Abdomen - 18%
Each Forelimb - 9%
Each Hindlimb - 9%
9% + 18% + 18% = 45%
✔✔For PO supplementary analgesia for an injured Military Working Dog, administer
__________ 5-10ml/kg PO q8-12h for up to five (5) days. - ✔✔Tramadol
✔✔Section 5: Whole Blood Transfusion - ✔✔-
,✔✔How long can whole blood collected in the anticoagulant CPD be stored? - ✔✔21
Days at 1-6°C
✔✔How long can whole blood collected in the anticoagulant CPDA-1 be stored? -
✔✔35 Days at 1-6°C
✔✔If stored at room temperature, fresh whole blood must be destroyed if not used
within what time period? - ✔✔24 Hours of Collection
✔✔T/F: The most important safety consideration in transfusing whole blood is that
donor red blood cells be compatible with the recipient to avoid acute hemolytic
transfusion reactions (a.k.a., major mismatch) - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔How often SHOULD titer and transfusion transmitted disease retesting be
conducted? - ✔✔Every 90 Days
✔✔In order to mitigate the risk of transfusion-associated acute lung injury (TRALI), the
Armed Services Blood Program collects whole blood from everyone EXCEPT: - ✔✔1.
Pregnant Females
2. Females Testing Positive for Anti-HLA Antibodies
✔✔__________ is the preferred resuscitation product for the pre-hospital treatment of
patients in hemorrhagic shock. - ✔✔Whole blood, and in particular, Low Tier O-Whole
Blood (LTOWB)
✔✔Storage lesion describes the degradation of the red blood cells (RBC) involving the
loss of what? - ✔✔membrane plasticity, diphosphoglycerate, adenosine triphosphate,
nitric oxide, and other factors leading to potentially reduced delivery of oxygen
✔✔T/F: Fresh whole blood (FWB) is FDA-approved and is intended or indicated for
routine use. - ✔✔FALSE. FWB is NOT FDA-approved and is NOT intended or indicated
for routine use.
✔✔Fresh whole blood is to be used only when... - ✔✔1. Other blood products cannot be
delivered at an acceptable rate to sustain the resuscitation of an actively bleeding
patient
2. When specific stored products are not available (Stored Whole Blood, Red Blood
Cells, Fresh Frozen Plasma, Platelets, Cryo)
3. When stored components are not adequately resuscitating a patient with an
immediately life-threatening injury.
✔✔T/F: Fresh whole blood should routinely be collected from pre-screened donors as a
way to maintain a routine inventory of Walking Blood Bank - Stored Whole Blood
,products. - ✔✔FALSE. Fresh whole blood should not routinely be collected from pre-
screened donors. Use of Walking Blood Bank for collection of FWB is for emergency
use only.
✔✔In general, whole blood units should not be collected from donors more frequently
than every __________ weeks. - ✔✔8
✔✔T/F: In situations where there are a limited number of donors and a dire need for
blood, no more than three (3) units may be taken from a single donor. - ✔✔FALSE. No
more than two (2) units may be taken from a single donor.
✔✔Is there a known contraindication to using whole blood in pediatric casualties? -
✔✔No
✔✔A massive transfusion in children is defined as __________ mL/kg - ✔✔40 mL/kg
✔✔Section 6: Infection Prevention in Combat-Related Injuries - ✔✔-
✔✔T/F: Infection Prevention in Combat-Related Injuries standard precautions apply to
all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed infectious status. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔The World Health Organization's "five moments of hand hygiene" include... - ✔✔1.
Use of Soap & Water or Alcohol-Based Sanitizer Before Patient Contact;
2. Before Aseptic Tasks;
3. After Body Fluid Exposure Risk;
4. After Patient Contact; and
5. After Contact with Patient Surroundings, Even if Gloves were Worn
✔✔What are Infection Prevention in Combat-related injuries standard precautions? -
✔✔1. Handwashing
2. Gloves
3. Gowns
4. Masks
5. Goggles or Face Shields
1. Hand Hygiene
2. Cohorting
3. Transmission-Based Isolation
* To prevent spread from other hospitalized patients and to decrease antibiotic pressure
selecting for resistant organisms *
✔✔T/F: When implementing infection prevention measures in a combat zone, Cohorting
is the process of clustering host nation patients (who are not eligible to evacuate from
, theater) and U.S. and coalition patients (who are eligible for evacuation from theater)
and separate when possible to reduce the risk of cross-contamination with multi-drug
resistant organisms. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔__________ and __________ should be worn with all patients suspected or known
to have multi-drug resistant organism colonization or infection with C. difficile-infection
(CDI). - ✔✔Gloves, gowns
✔✔Daily __________ of ICU patients has shown a reduction of infections with
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). - ✔✔bathing
✔✔T/F: Antimicrobial drug usage has no impact on the development of multidrug-
resistant organisms. - ✔✔FALSE. Antimicrobial drug usage CONTRIBUTES to the
development of multi-drug resistant organisms.
* Use of overly broad antibiotics for combat trauma prophylaxis has resulted in an
increased risk of MDRO infection without improvement in long-term clinical outcomes *
✔✔T/F: All facilities should avoid unnecessary empiric use of broad spectrum
antibiotics. - ✔✔TRUE
✔✔T/F: Prolonged duration of prophylaxis has been shown to decrease long term rates
of infections in patients with combat-related open fractures. - ✔✔FALSE. Prolonged
duration of prophylaxis has NOT been shown to decrease long term rates of infections.
✔✔Blast injuries, especially those related to __________, present a unique bloodborne
pathogen risk if an impaled body part is introduced into the trauma patient. - ✔✔suicide
bomber attacks
✔✔T/F: The risk of transmission for human immunodeficiency virus is considered very
high after blast injury and generally warrants immediate action regardless of the region
of operation. - ✔✔FALSE. The risk of HIV is considered VERY LOW after blast injury
and generally warrants NO ACTION.
✔✔For a patient that sustained injuries from a suicide bomber, testing for Hepatitis B
virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) should be obtained __________
and up to six (6) months post-exposure. - ✔✔at the time of exposure
✔✔Which role of care should have a designated Infection Prevention and Control
Officer? - ✔✔Roles 2 & 3
