BIO 181 ASU CAPCO EXAM 2 FINAL
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT RESPONSES
◉ 3 parameters that must be stably maintained inside a cell
Answer: 1. pH
2. salt concentration
3. volume
◉ passive transport
Answer: movement of substances across a cell membrane
- NO energy required
- moves from high --> low concentration gradient
◉ diffusion
Answer: movement of ALL SUBSTANCES from an area of higher
concentration --> lower concentration
◉ osmosis
Answer: net movement of a solvent (water) across a selectively
permeable membrane towards the side w/ higher solute
concentration
,◉ tonicity
Answer: ability of extracellular solution to make water move into or
out of a cell by osmosis
◉ osmolarity
Answer: concentration of solutes in a solution
◉ hypertonic
Answer: higher osmolarity (shrivels--water out)
◉ hypotonic
Answer: lower osmolarity (swells--water in)
◉ isotonic
Answer: equal osmolarity
◉ facilitated diffusion
Answer: diffusion through a membrane protein/transporter,
bypassing the lipid bilayer
◉ 2 types of membrane transporters
, Answer: 1. channel
2. carrier
◉ channel protein
Answer: a transporter w/ a passage that allows the movement of
molecules through it
◉ carrier protein
Answer: a transporter that facilitates movement of molecules
◉ active transport
Answer: uses chemical energy (ATP) to move molecules across a
membrane against their gradient (low-->high)
◉ primary active transport
Answer: active transport that directly relies on the hydrolysis of ATP
◉ ATP
Answer: adenosine triphosphate
- energy molec our cells use to drive biochemical rxns
◉ key example of PRIMARY active transport
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT RESPONSES
◉ 3 parameters that must be stably maintained inside a cell
Answer: 1. pH
2. salt concentration
3. volume
◉ passive transport
Answer: movement of substances across a cell membrane
- NO energy required
- moves from high --> low concentration gradient
◉ diffusion
Answer: movement of ALL SUBSTANCES from an area of higher
concentration --> lower concentration
◉ osmosis
Answer: net movement of a solvent (water) across a selectively
permeable membrane towards the side w/ higher solute
concentration
,◉ tonicity
Answer: ability of extracellular solution to make water move into or
out of a cell by osmosis
◉ osmolarity
Answer: concentration of solutes in a solution
◉ hypertonic
Answer: higher osmolarity (shrivels--water out)
◉ hypotonic
Answer: lower osmolarity (swells--water in)
◉ isotonic
Answer: equal osmolarity
◉ facilitated diffusion
Answer: diffusion through a membrane protein/transporter,
bypassing the lipid bilayer
◉ 2 types of membrane transporters
, Answer: 1. channel
2. carrier
◉ channel protein
Answer: a transporter w/ a passage that allows the movement of
molecules through it
◉ carrier protein
Answer: a transporter that facilitates movement of molecules
◉ active transport
Answer: uses chemical energy (ATP) to move molecules across a
membrane against their gradient (low-->high)
◉ primary active transport
Answer: active transport that directly relies on the hydrolysis of ATP
◉ ATP
Answer: adenosine triphosphate
- energy molec our cells use to drive biochemical rxns
◉ key example of PRIMARY active transport
