BIO 181 ASU CAPCO EXAM 2 ACTUAL
ASSESSMENT PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ key functions of lipids
Answer: makes up cell membrane, energy storage
◉ 2 primary functions of the cell membrane
Answer: 1. define cell boundary
2. regulation of molecules
◉ main components of the cell membrane
Answer: - lipids
- proteins
- carbohydrates
◉ what contributes to the fluidity of a membrane?
Answer: lipid types & characteristics of fatty acid chains
◉ amphipathic
,Answer: having both hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions
◉ which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
Answer: head
◉ which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Answer: fatty acid tails
◉ main function of a phospholipid
Answer: forms the cell membrane
◉ lipid bilayer
Answer: 2 layers of lipids
◉ which part of the phospholipid is tucked inside the membrane?
Answer: nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
◉ why is the polar part of the phospholipid facing outward?
Answer: can form bonds
◉ liposome
Answer: spherical bilayer structure
, - forms in aqueous environment at neutral pH
◉ why is pH important?
Answer: ensures polar head is in ionized form--makes them
hydrophilic
◉ van der Waals forces
Answer: weak binding of temporarily polarized molecules due to
attraction of opposite charges
- helps w/ sticking of cholesterol/phospholipids in a cell membrane
◉ saturated fats
Answer: - NO carbon=carbon double bonds
- straight structure
- tight packing --> reduces mobility (fluidity)
◉ unsaturated fats
Answer: - carbon=carbon double bonds
- kinked structure
- reduced tightness of packing --> enhances mobility (fluidity)
◉ cholesterol
ASSESSMENT PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ key functions of lipids
Answer: makes up cell membrane, energy storage
◉ 2 primary functions of the cell membrane
Answer: 1. define cell boundary
2. regulation of molecules
◉ main components of the cell membrane
Answer: - lipids
- proteins
- carbohydrates
◉ what contributes to the fluidity of a membrane?
Answer: lipid types & characteristics of fatty acid chains
◉ amphipathic
,Answer: having both hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions
◉ which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
Answer: head
◉ which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Answer: fatty acid tails
◉ main function of a phospholipid
Answer: forms the cell membrane
◉ lipid bilayer
Answer: 2 layers of lipids
◉ which part of the phospholipid is tucked inside the membrane?
Answer: nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
◉ why is the polar part of the phospholipid facing outward?
Answer: can form bonds
◉ liposome
Answer: spherical bilayer structure
, - forms in aqueous environment at neutral pH
◉ why is pH important?
Answer: ensures polar head is in ionized form--makes them
hydrophilic
◉ van der Waals forces
Answer: weak binding of temporarily polarized molecules due to
attraction of opposite charges
- helps w/ sticking of cholesterol/phospholipids in a cell membrane
◉ saturated fats
Answer: - NO carbon=carbon double bonds
- straight structure
- tight packing --> reduces mobility (fluidity)
◉ unsaturated fats
Answer: - carbon=carbon double bonds
- kinked structure
- reduced tightness of packing --> enhances mobility (fluidity)
◉ cholesterol
