Pain management Final Exam with verified detailed answers

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Pain management Final Exam with verified detailed answers
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Local anesthesia - ✔✔Creates a transient numbing feeling, eliminating the feeling of
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sensation in a specific area || || || ||




in dentistry when administering local anesthesia the nerves that are targeted are part of the
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___________ nervous system - ✔✔Peripheral || || || ||




In dentistry, dental local anesthetic injection are of what type? - ✔✔submucosal
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The majority of emergent situations regarding administration of dental local anesthesia
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occur - ✔✔within 5 minutes after injection
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Basic technique for administering dental local anesthesia should include - ✔✔slow, smooth
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advancement and removal of the dental needle || || || || || ||




impulse transmission occurs when ______ the cell wall - ✔✔sodium ions enter
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The _______ helps reestablish the nerve to its resting potential - ✔✔sodium potassium
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pump



How does local anesthesia stop working in the injected area - ✔✔The anesthesia diffuses
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out of the nerve cell
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the __________ helps to speed up the impulse transmission along myelinated nerves -
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✔✔Schwann cells ||

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The electrophysiology of impulse conduction has three phases.
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Following an Impulse - ✔✔Action potential, depolarization, repolarization
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The pH of the surrounding tissues greatly influences the effectiveness of the anesthesia. The
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pH of inflamed tissue is _____ then healthy tissue. The inflamed tissue is in the range of
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_______ pH - ✔✔lower/ 5.0-6.0 || || || ||




The systemic actions of local anesthetic drugs affect three systems of the body when there
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are increased blood levels. Name the three systems in the order of severity in which they are
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affected - ✔✔Central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system
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Name the two classifications of local anesthetics commonly used in dentistry - ✔✔Ester &
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Amides



An overdose reaction to local anesthetics is __________. This reaction is usually self-
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limiting as long as adequate ________ is provided. - ✔✔Tonic-clonic convulsions/ CO2
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The hereditary trait that characterizes the inability to hydrolyze a local anesthetic drug with
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a plasma enzyme is called _________ and would be considered a relative contraindication
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for the use of _____________ local anesthetics - ✔✔Atypical pseudocholinesterase/ ester
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All local anesthetics except ________ produce a _________ in the area that they are
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deposited in - ✔✔Cocaine/ Vasodilation || || || ||




Name the four factors that influence the level of the local anesthetic drug in the blood
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creating a potential toxicity - ✔✔Metabolism, Excertion, Distribution & Absorption
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When Administering Dental Local Anesthesia, afferent nerves are targeted - ✔✔True
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, 2


Local anesthesia works when the local anesthesia molecule effectively blocks sodium
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channels within the nerve cell wall - ✔✔True
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Impulse conduction travels more rapidly in myelinated nerve due to the lipid insulation and
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travels in one direction only - ✔✔True
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Examples of naturally occurring adrenergic, catecholamine agonists in the sympathetic
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nervous system are - ✔✔Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
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Which vasopressor is strongly contraindicated in patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants
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and MAO inhibitors? - ✔✔0.018mg
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Some sympathomimetic adrenergic drugs, such as epinephrine or Levonordefrin, compete
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initially for the ________ receptor sites of the smooth muscle causing ________ of the
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muscle - ✔✔Alpha/ Vasoconstriction
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Which vasopressor is relatively contraindicated in patients receiving tricyclic
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antidepressants and MAO inhibitors? - ✔✔Epinephrine || || || || ||




When there is a vasoconstrictor added to a local anesthetic at 1:50,000 concentration the
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amount of vasoconstrictor in the cartridge is - ✔✔0.036mg
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The preservative used in local anesthetics when a vasopressor is present is called -
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✔✔Sodium bisulfite ||




The standard effective depth of penetration for topical anesthetics as long as the tissue is
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intact is - ✔✔2-3mm
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