CLASS 10 SCIENCE - CHAPTER 13 NOTES
OUR ENVIRONMENT
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PAGE 1: ECOSYSTEM & ITS COMPONENTS
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[1.1] ENVIRONMENT KYA HAI?
* Definition: Hamare aas-pass ka wo saara mahool (surroundings) jisme sabhi living
(sajib) aur non-living (nirjib) cheezein shamil hain aur jo hamari zindagi ko
asardas karti hain, use Environment kehte hain.
[1.2] ECOSYSTEM (Paritantra)
* Definition: Ek aisa system jahan sabhi living organisms (plants, animals,
microorganisms) apne aas-pass ke non-living environment (soil, water, air) ke
saath milkar interact karte hain aur ek balance banate hain.
* Types of Ecosystem:
1. Natural Ecosystem (Prakritik): Jo prakriti mein apne aap pehle se mojud hain.
* Examples: Forest (jangal), Lake (jheel), Pond (talab), Ocean (samundar).
2. Artificial / Man-made Ecosystem (Manav-nirmit): Jise insaan ne khud banaya hai.
* Examples: Crop-fields (khet), Aquarium (machhli ghar), Gardens (bageecha).
[1.3] COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM (Ecosystem ke hisse)
Ecosystem ke do mukhy parts hote hain:
1. Biotic Components (Jaivik): Saari zinda cheezein.
* Examples: Plants, Animals, Bacteria, Fungi.
2. Abiotic Components (Ajaivik): Saari nirjib physical cheezein.
* Examples: Air, Water, Soil, Sunlight, Temperature, Rainfall.
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PAGE 2: FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB
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[2.1] BIOTIC COMPONENTS KA DIVISION (Kaam ke aadhar par)
1. Producers (Utpadak): Jo apna khana khud banate hain (Photosynthesis ke zariye).
* Examples: Green plants aur Blue-green algae.
2. Consumers (Upbhokta): Jo khane ke liye doosron par depend hote hain.
* Herbivores: Sirf plants khane waale (e.g., Deer, Cow, Rabbit).
* Carnivores: Maans khane waale (e.g., Lion, Tiger, Snake).
* Omnivores: Plants aur maans dono khane waale (e.g., Human, Crow).
* Parasites: Jo doosre zinda organism ke jism par rehkar nutrition lete hain (e.g., Leech,
Cuscuta).
3. Decomposers (Apghatak): Jo mare hue plants aur animals ke jism ko decompose
(galana)
karke simple organic mitti mein mila dete hain. (e.g., Bacteria, Fungi).
OUR ENVIRONMENT
======================================================================
==========
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PAGE 1: ECOSYSTEM & ITS COMPONENTS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1.1] ENVIRONMENT KYA HAI?
* Definition: Hamare aas-pass ka wo saara mahool (surroundings) jisme sabhi living
(sajib) aur non-living (nirjib) cheezein shamil hain aur jo hamari zindagi ko
asardas karti hain, use Environment kehte hain.
[1.2] ECOSYSTEM (Paritantra)
* Definition: Ek aisa system jahan sabhi living organisms (plants, animals,
microorganisms) apne aas-pass ke non-living environment (soil, water, air) ke
saath milkar interact karte hain aur ek balance banate hain.
* Types of Ecosystem:
1. Natural Ecosystem (Prakritik): Jo prakriti mein apne aap pehle se mojud hain.
* Examples: Forest (jangal), Lake (jheel), Pond (talab), Ocean (samundar).
2. Artificial / Man-made Ecosystem (Manav-nirmit): Jise insaan ne khud banaya hai.
* Examples: Crop-fields (khet), Aquarium (machhli ghar), Gardens (bageecha).
[1.3] COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM (Ecosystem ke hisse)
Ecosystem ke do mukhy parts hote hain:
1. Biotic Components (Jaivik): Saari zinda cheezein.
* Examples: Plants, Animals, Bacteria, Fungi.
2. Abiotic Components (Ajaivik): Saari nirjib physical cheezein.
* Examples: Air, Water, Soil, Sunlight, Temperature, Rainfall.
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PAGE 2: FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[2.1] BIOTIC COMPONENTS KA DIVISION (Kaam ke aadhar par)
1. Producers (Utpadak): Jo apna khana khud banate hain (Photosynthesis ke zariye).
* Examples: Green plants aur Blue-green algae.
2. Consumers (Upbhokta): Jo khane ke liye doosron par depend hote hain.
* Herbivores: Sirf plants khane waale (e.g., Deer, Cow, Rabbit).
* Carnivores: Maans khane waale (e.g., Lion, Tiger, Snake).
* Omnivores: Plants aur maans dono khane waale (e.g., Human, Crow).
* Parasites: Jo doosre zinda organism ke jism par rehkar nutrition lete hain (e.g., Leech,
Cuscuta).
3. Decomposers (Apghatak): Jo mare hue plants aur animals ke jism ko decompose
(galana)
karke simple organic mitti mein mila dete hain. (e.g., Bacteria, Fungi).
