ESTHETICS STATE BOARD UPDATED CORE MAIN
EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are keratinocytes tightly interconnected by on the skin's surface? -
✔✔Desmosomes
✔✔What is the purpose of a squamous cell in the stratum corneum? - ✔✔Protect lower
layers of the epidermis and the rest of the skin
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis acts as a barrier to moisture loss and is water-
resistant? - ✔✔Stratum corneum
✔✔Which layers of the epidermis are composed of dead cells? - ✔✔Stratum corneum,
stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis is transparent? - ✔✔Stratum lucidum
✔✔What creates densely packed, clear keratin in the stratum lucidum? -
✔✔Keratinocytes
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis is where keratinization begins (and where keratin is
produced)? - ✔✔Stratum granulosum
,✔✔What is the protein substance that forms keratin? - ✔✔Keratohyalin
✔✔In which layer of the epidermis does protection begin? - ✔✔Stratum granulosum
✔✔What makes the stratum spinosum the "spiny layer?" - ✔✔Desmosomes which
provide strength and support between cells
✔✔Where do langerhan cells reside and protect the body from infection (alongside T-
cells)? - ✔✔Stratum spinosum
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis is called the "basal layer?" - ✔✔Stratum germinativum
as this is where basal cells go through mitosis
✔✔What is the purpose of the hemidesmosomes in the stratum germinativum? -
✔✔Attach epidermis to the dermis to form basement membrane
✔✔Where are Merkel cells found? - ✔✔Stratum germinativum (in thick skin)
✔✔Where are melanocytes found? - ✔✔Stratum germinativum (in thin skin)
✔✔What cells cover and protect the inside of the body? - ✔✔Epithelial
✔✔What are the two layers that the dermis is divided into? - ✔✔Papillary Dermis and
Reticular Dermis
✔✔Which immune cells reside in the stratum spinosum and provide the first line of
defense in identifying foreign substances? - ✔✔Langerhans Cells
✔✔Secretion is one of the six functions of the skin. Does it refer to sebum or sweat
being secreted? - ✔✔Sebum which affects pH
✔✔Excretion is one of the six functions of the skin. Does it refer to sebum or sweat
being excreted? - ✔✔Neither. Excretion refers to toxic waste and materials excreted
through SWEAT glands and pores (i.e. CO2)
✔✔In which of the six functions of the skin is sweat involved? - ✔✔Regulation as sweat
helps to regulate body temperature
✔✔What are Merkel cells? - ✔✔Touch receptors found in the Stratum Germinativum
✔✔What are the three components of the dermis? - ✔✔Fibroblast Cells, Elastin, and
Collagen
, ✔✔What is the purpose of Fibroblast Cells? - ✔✔Aid in the production of collagen and
elastin
✔✔Which cells reside in the dermis and respond to allergies by releasing histamine? -
✔✔Mast Cells
✔✔What can be found in the Papillary Dermis? - ✔✔Primary Receptors (pain, thermo,
mechano, tactile) and Sensation Receptors (Meissner's, Ruffini's, and Pacinian
Corpuscles as well as Krause's End Bulbs)
✔✔What are Meissner's cospuscles responsible for? - ✔✔Light pressure and cold
receptors
✔✔What are Ruffini's cospuscles responsible for? - ✔✔Long-term pressure and heat
receptors
✔✔What are Pacinian cospuscle responsible for? - ✔✔Deep pressure and pain
receptors
✔✔What are Krause's End Bulbs responsible for? - ✔✔Pressure and pain receptors
✔✔What are the primary components of the reticular dermis? - ✔✔Sudoriferous glands,
sebaceous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, and arrestor pili muscles
✔✔Where are apocrine glands located? - ✔✔Under the arms, in the genitals, and the
nipples (associated with a hair follicle)-essentially create perspiration
✔✔Where are eccrine glands located? - ✔✔On the entire body, but mostly on the
forehead, palms, and soles-responsible for thermoregulation
✔✔What do arrector pili cause? - ✔✔Goosebumps as they are connected to each hair
follicle
✔✔What does the subcutaneous layer contain? - ✔✔Sweat glands, sensory nerves,
adipose cells, and loose connective tissue
✔✔What does the dermis contain? - ✔✔Connective tissue, capillaries, and blood
vessels
✔✔Which cells protect the layers of the skin found below the stratum corneum? -
✔✔Squamos Cells
✔✔Which tissue type ties muscle to bones? - ✔✔Tendons
EXAMS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are keratinocytes tightly interconnected by on the skin's surface? -
✔✔Desmosomes
✔✔What is the purpose of a squamous cell in the stratum corneum? - ✔✔Protect lower
layers of the epidermis and the rest of the skin
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis acts as a barrier to moisture loss and is water-
resistant? - ✔✔Stratum corneum
✔✔Which layers of the epidermis are composed of dead cells? - ✔✔Stratum corneum,
stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis is transparent? - ✔✔Stratum lucidum
✔✔What creates densely packed, clear keratin in the stratum lucidum? -
✔✔Keratinocytes
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis is where keratinization begins (and where keratin is
produced)? - ✔✔Stratum granulosum
,✔✔What is the protein substance that forms keratin? - ✔✔Keratohyalin
✔✔In which layer of the epidermis does protection begin? - ✔✔Stratum granulosum
✔✔What makes the stratum spinosum the "spiny layer?" - ✔✔Desmosomes which
provide strength and support between cells
✔✔Where do langerhan cells reside and protect the body from infection (alongside T-
cells)? - ✔✔Stratum spinosum
✔✔Which layer of the epidermis is called the "basal layer?" - ✔✔Stratum germinativum
as this is where basal cells go through mitosis
✔✔What is the purpose of the hemidesmosomes in the stratum germinativum? -
✔✔Attach epidermis to the dermis to form basement membrane
✔✔Where are Merkel cells found? - ✔✔Stratum germinativum (in thick skin)
✔✔Where are melanocytes found? - ✔✔Stratum germinativum (in thin skin)
✔✔What cells cover and protect the inside of the body? - ✔✔Epithelial
✔✔What are the two layers that the dermis is divided into? - ✔✔Papillary Dermis and
Reticular Dermis
✔✔Which immune cells reside in the stratum spinosum and provide the first line of
defense in identifying foreign substances? - ✔✔Langerhans Cells
✔✔Secretion is one of the six functions of the skin. Does it refer to sebum or sweat
being secreted? - ✔✔Sebum which affects pH
✔✔Excretion is one of the six functions of the skin. Does it refer to sebum or sweat
being excreted? - ✔✔Neither. Excretion refers to toxic waste and materials excreted
through SWEAT glands and pores (i.e. CO2)
✔✔In which of the six functions of the skin is sweat involved? - ✔✔Regulation as sweat
helps to regulate body temperature
✔✔What are Merkel cells? - ✔✔Touch receptors found in the Stratum Germinativum
✔✔What are the three components of the dermis? - ✔✔Fibroblast Cells, Elastin, and
Collagen
, ✔✔What is the purpose of Fibroblast Cells? - ✔✔Aid in the production of collagen and
elastin
✔✔Which cells reside in the dermis and respond to allergies by releasing histamine? -
✔✔Mast Cells
✔✔What can be found in the Papillary Dermis? - ✔✔Primary Receptors (pain, thermo,
mechano, tactile) and Sensation Receptors (Meissner's, Ruffini's, and Pacinian
Corpuscles as well as Krause's End Bulbs)
✔✔What are Meissner's cospuscles responsible for? - ✔✔Light pressure and cold
receptors
✔✔What are Ruffini's cospuscles responsible for? - ✔✔Long-term pressure and heat
receptors
✔✔What are Pacinian cospuscle responsible for? - ✔✔Deep pressure and pain
receptors
✔✔What are Krause's End Bulbs responsible for? - ✔✔Pressure and pain receptors
✔✔What are the primary components of the reticular dermis? - ✔✔Sudoriferous glands,
sebaceous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, and arrestor pili muscles
✔✔Where are apocrine glands located? - ✔✔Under the arms, in the genitals, and the
nipples (associated with a hair follicle)-essentially create perspiration
✔✔Where are eccrine glands located? - ✔✔On the entire body, but mostly on the
forehead, palms, and soles-responsible for thermoregulation
✔✔What do arrector pili cause? - ✔✔Goosebumps as they are connected to each hair
follicle
✔✔What does the subcutaneous layer contain? - ✔✔Sweat glands, sensory nerves,
adipose cells, and loose connective tissue
✔✔What does the dermis contain? - ✔✔Connective tissue, capillaries, and blood
vessels
✔✔Which cells protect the layers of the skin found below the stratum corneum? -
✔✔Squamos Cells
✔✔Which tissue type ties muscle to bones? - ✔✔Tendons
