ISSA FINAL EXAM Questions And Correct
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Question 1. Muscular, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise are known as
the training effect. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: The training effect refers to the physiological adaptations that occur in response to
regular exercise, including improvements in muscular strength, cardiovascular function, and
metabolic efficiency .
Question 2. The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body environment
through various processes is called:
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Thermoregulation
D) Adaptation
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
changes in external conditions .
Question 3. BMR stands for:
A) Basic Metabolic Rate
B) Basal Metabolic Rate
C) Body Mass Ratio
D) Baseline Metabolic Response
,Answer: B
Rationale: BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is the number of calories the body burns at rest to
maintain basic life functions .
Question 4. Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same time throughout the body. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: Anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down) are ongoing processes that
occur simultaneously in different tissues throughout the body .
Question 5. A calorie is a unit of heat. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: A calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one
gram of water by one degree Celsius .
Question 6. The preferred unit in metabolic studies and nutrition labels is the kilocalorie (kcal).
(T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: The kilocalorie (kcal) is the standard unit used on nutrition labels and in metabolic
studies .
Question 7. The primary fuel during endurance exercise is:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Fatty acids
C) Protein
D) ATP
Answer: B
Rationale: Fatty acids are the primary fuel source during prolonged endurance exercise .
,Question 8. The molecule used for storing and transferring energy in the body is called:
A) ADP
B) Glucose
C) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
D) Creatine phosphate
Answer: C
Rationale: ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, storing and transferring energy for
cellular processes .
Question 9. The ATP/CP pathway is the primary pathway used for activities lasting two minutes
or greater. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Rationale: The ATP/CP pathway is the primary energy system for short-duration, high-intensity
activities lasting up to about 10-15 seconds. The oxidative system is used for activities lasting
two minutes or more .
Question 10. About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: These six elements make up approximately 98% of the human body by weight .
Question 11. The respiratory system is responsible for: (Select all that apply)
A) Supplying oxygen to the body
B) Eliminating carbon dioxide in the body
C) Helping regulate the body's pH balance
D) Producing red blood cells
, Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The respiratory system supplies oxygen, eliminates carbon dioxide, and helps
regulate pH balance. Red blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow .
Question 12. The circulatory system consists of:
A) Heart, lungs, and blood vessels
B) Heart, arteries, and veins
C) Heart, capillaries, and lymph nodes
D) Arteries, veins, and capillaries only
Answer: B
Rationale: The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, and veins .
Question 13. The nervous system is made up of the:
A) Brain and spinal cord
B) Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
C) Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
D) Sensory and motor neurons
Answer: B
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
and the peripheral nervous system .
Question 14. Excretion is one function of the digestive system. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown of food and the elimination of
waste (excretion) .
Question 15. Hormones are classified as: (Select all that apply)
A) Steroids
B) Amino-Acid derivatives
C) Peptides
Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationale 2026/2027 Q&A| Instant
Download Pdf
Question 1. Muscular, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise are known as
the training effect. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: The training effect refers to the physiological adaptations that occur in response to
regular exercise, including improvements in muscular strength, cardiovascular function, and
metabolic efficiency .
Question 2. The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body environment
through various processes is called:
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Thermoregulation
D) Adaptation
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
changes in external conditions .
Question 3. BMR stands for:
A) Basic Metabolic Rate
B) Basal Metabolic Rate
C) Body Mass Ratio
D) Baseline Metabolic Response
,Answer: B
Rationale: BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is the number of calories the body burns at rest to
maintain basic life functions .
Question 4. Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same time throughout the body. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: Anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down) are ongoing processes that
occur simultaneously in different tissues throughout the body .
Question 5. A calorie is a unit of heat. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: A calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one
gram of water by one degree Celsius .
Question 6. The preferred unit in metabolic studies and nutrition labels is the kilocalorie (kcal).
(T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: The kilocalorie (kcal) is the standard unit used on nutrition labels and in metabolic
studies .
Question 7. The primary fuel during endurance exercise is:
A) Carbohydrates
B) Fatty acids
C) Protein
D) ATP
Answer: B
Rationale: Fatty acids are the primary fuel source during prolonged endurance exercise .
,Question 8. The molecule used for storing and transferring energy in the body is called:
A) ADP
B) Glucose
C) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
D) Creatine phosphate
Answer: C
Rationale: ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, storing and transferring energy for
cellular processes .
Question 9. The ATP/CP pathway is the primary pathway used for activities lasting two minutes
or greater. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Rationale: The ATP/CP pathway is the primary energy system for short-duration, high-intensity
activities lasting up to about 10-15 seconds. The oxidative system is used for activities lasting
two minutes or more .
Question 10. About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: These six elements make up approximately 98% of the human body by weight .
Question 11. The respiratory system is responsible for: (Select all that apply)
A) Supplying oxygen to the body
B) Eliminating carbon dioxide in the body
C) Helping regulate the body's pH balance
D) Producing red blood cells
, Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The respiratory system supplies oxygen, eliminates carbon dioxide, and helps
regulate pH balance. Red blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow .
Question 12. The circulatory system consists of:
A) Heart, lungs, and blood vessels
B) Heart, arteries, and veins
C) Heart, capillaries, and lymph nodes
D) Arteries, veins, and capillaries only
Answer: B
Rationale: The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, and veins .
Question 13. The nervous system is made up of the:
A) Brain and spinal cord
B) Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
C) Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
D) Sensory and motor neurons
Answer: B
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
and the peripheral nervous system .
Question 14. Excretion is one function of the digestive system. (T/F)
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Rationale: The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown of food and the elimination of
waste (excretion) .
Question 15. Hormones are classified as: (Select all that apply)
A) Steroids
B) Amino-Acid derivatives
C) Peptides
