CSO Study Guide Questions with Correct
Answers
4 main categories of complementary therapies
- mind and body (i.e. meditation, deep breathing, hypnotherapy, yoga, etc)
- Manipulative and body- based practices (i.e. massage and spinal manipulation, osteopathic
physicians, naturopathic, PT)
- Energy-based therapies (reiki, healing touch, gi gong
- Natural products therapies (i.e. supplements such as antioxidants
AICR estimates these are the obesity-related cancers
post-menopausal breast, esophagus, pancreas, gallbladder, colorectal, endometrial, kidney
How does obesity increase risk of cancer?
1. fat secretes cytokines that promote inflammation
2. obesity leads to insulin resistance, elevating levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factors
and other growth factors that foster malignant transformation and proliferation
3. fat produces estrogen which is especially relevant in the increased risk of post-meno ER
positive breast ca and endometrial ca
Physical activity recommendations
- up to 3 to six hours of vigorous exercise each week may prolong survival
- reduce fatigue and depression by endorphine release
- may improve sleep
Metformin has been associated with decreased risk of what?
various malignancies, in vitro activity agaist a number of cancer cell lines
,What does a high C-reactive protein level provide
information on patient's level of systemic inflammation. integrative oncologist may
recommend anti-inflammatory diet and possibly supplements
Organic produce is higher in
phytochemical content - phenolic compounds and flavonoids
35% of prescribed oncology drugs are metabolized by which pathway
CYP3A4 isoform of hepatic cytochrome p450 enzyme system
How does fish oil reduce inflammation?
1. through changes in membrane fluidity, cell signaling and production of anti-inflammatory
eicosanoids. these effects may retard cancer progression
2. May increase apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappa B
Decreased dietary fat and decreased intake of omega 6 fatty acids may lower risk and
slow progression of what caner?
prostate
Increased concern of bleeding tendencies at what dose of omega 3?
above 4000 mg daily
Benefits of Vit D supplementation
1. antiproliferative effects
2. can activate apoptotic pathways
3. inhibit angiogenesis
4. enhancing anti cancer effects of cytotoxic agents
,Goal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
40-80 ng/mL
In severe Vit D deficiency, each 1000 IU increment should increase 25 hydroxyvitamin
levels by
10 ng/mL
Benefits of curcumin
1. can inhibit tumor initiation, promotion, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis
2. acts as a chemosensitizer and radiosensitizer for some tumors
3. anti-inflammatory properties
4. studies suggest incidence of certain ancers is less in people who consume curcumin
which cancers are most promising for chemopreventative effects of turmeric?
colorectal and pancreatic
Dose of curcumin that is found to be safe
12 grams/d
What does curcumin do in the body
has poor bioavailability, stays in Gi tract and has local action on mucosa since it is poorly
absorbed systemically in transit.
how to increase bioavailibilty of curcurmin
combine with black pepper, consuming with fatty foods (olive oil, avocado, fish oil, milk,
seeds)
trials have shown curcumin to be safe with which chemo drugs
, Gemcitabine and maybe taxanes by sensitizing tumor cells
Where is green tea brewed from?
unfermented tea leaves of Camellia sinesis - contains polyphenols and chemopreventative
properties
What is the major catechin in green tea?
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Green tea's Mechanism of action again cancer
1. Pro-apoptotic effects
2. Inhibition of NF-kappaB and other signaling molecules
3. Antimetastatic
4. Antioxidant effects
5. Protective effects against cancers of colon, prostate, esophagus, liver, stomach, lung,
breast, pancreas and skin in animal studies
Decaf or caffeinated green tea is better?
decaf may not have same effectivenesss as caffeinated forms as some of chemopreventative
chemicals may be extracted along with caffeine
Possible side effects of green tea
1. GI distress and mild increase of liver function tests
2. taking supplements on empty stomach may increase toxicity
3. EGCG could inhibit activity of bortezomib in multiple myeloma
Recommendation for intake of green tea
Answers
4 main categories of complementary therapies
- mind and body (i.e. meditation, deep breathing, hypnotherapy, yoga, etc)
- Manipulative and body- based practices (i.e. massage and spinal manipulation, osteopathic
physicians, naturopathic, PT)
- Energy-based therapies (reiki, healing touch, gi gong
- Natural products therapies (i.e. supplements such as antioxidants
AICR estimates these are the obesity-related cancers
post-menopausal breast, esophagus, pancreas, gallbladder, colorectal, endometrial, kidney
How does obesity increase risk of cancer?
1. fat secretes cytokines that promote inflammation
2. obesity leads to insulin resistance, elevating levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factors
and other growth factors that foster malignant transformation and proliferation
3. fat produces estrogen which is especially relevant in the increased risk of post-meno ER
positive breast ca and endometrial ca
Physical activity recommendations
- up to 3 to six hours of vigorous exercise each week may prolong survival
- reduce fatigue and depression by endorphine release
- may improve sleep
Metformin has been associated with decreased risk of what?
various malignancies, in vitro activity agaist a number of cancer cell lines
,What does a high C-reactive protein level provide
information on patient's level of systemic inflammation. integrative oncologist may
recommend anti-inflammatory diet and possibly supplements
Organic produce is higher in
phytochemical content - phenolic compounds and flavonoids
35% of prescribed oncology drugs are metabolized by which pathway
CYP3A4 isoform of hepatic cytochrome p450 enzyme system
How does fish oil reduce inflammation?
1. through changes in membrane fluidity, cell signaling and production of anti-inflammatory
eicosanoids. these effects may retard cancer progression
2. May increase apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappa B
Decreased dietary fat and decreased intake of omega 6 fatty acids may lower risk and
slow progression of what caner?
prostate
Increased concern of bleeding tendencies at what dose of omega 3?
above 4000 mg daily
Benefits of Vit D supplementation
1. antiproliferative effects
2. can activate apoptotic pathways
3. inhibit angiogenesis
4. enhancing anti cancer effects of cytotoxic agents
,Goal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
40-80 ng/mL
In severe Vit D deficiency, each 1000 IU increment should increase 25 hydroxyvitamin
levels by
10 ng/mL
Benefits of curcumin
1. can inhibit tumor initiation, promotion, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis
2. acts as a chemosensitizer and radiosensitizer for some tumors
3. anti-inflammatory properties
4. studies suggest incidence of certain ancers is less in people who consume curcumin
which cancers are most promising for chemopreventative effects of turmeric?
colorectal and pancreatic
Dose of curcumin that is found to be safe
12 grams/d
What does curcumin do in the body
has poor bioavailability, stays in Gi tract and has local action on mucosa since it is poorly
absorbed systemically in transit.
how to increase bioavailibilty of curcurmin
combine with black pepper, consuming with fatty foods (olive oil, avocado, fish oil, milk,
seeds)
trials have shown curcumin to be safe with which chemo drugs
, Gemcitabine and maybe taxanes by sensitizing tumor cells
Where is green tea brewed from?
unfermented tea leaves of Camellia sinesis - contains polyphenols and chemopreventative
properties
What is the major catechin in green tea?
epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Green tea's Mechanism of action again cancer
1. Pro-apoptotic effects
2. Inhibition of NF-kappaB and other signaling molecules
3. Antimetastatic
4. Antioxidant effects
5. Protective effects against cancers of colon, prostate, esophagus, liver, stomach, lung,
breast, pancreas and skin in animal studies
Decaf or caffeinated green tea is better?
decaf may not have same effectivenesss as caffeinated forms as some of chemopreventative
chemicals may be extracted along with caffeine
Possible side effects of green tea
1. GI distress and mild increase of liver function tests
2. taking supplements on empty stomach may increase toxicity
3. EGCG could inhibit activity of bortezomib in multiple myeloma
Recommendation for intake of green tea
