Biology EOC Assessment Examination
Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. The smallest unit capable of carrying out life processes is the
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Molecule
D. Cell
Correct Answer: D. Cell
Rationale: Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
2. Which organelle contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: D. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus stores DNA and controls many cellular activities.
3. The main function of mitochondria is to
A. Store DNA
B. Produce proteins
,C. Digest waste materials
D. Produce ATP
Correct Answer: D. Produce ATP
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
4. Ribosomes are the site of
A. Photosynthesis
B. DNA storage
C. Cell division
D. Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: D. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins.
5. The cell membrane is made primarily of
A. Proteins only
B. Cellulose
C. DNA
D. Phospholipids
Correct Answer: D. Phospholipids
Rationale: Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of cell membranes.
6. The main function of the cell membrane is to
A. Make glucose
B. Store chromosomes
C. Produce ATP
D. Control movement of substances
Correct Answer: D. Control movement of substances
,Rationale: The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
7. Prokaryotic cells lack a
A. Cell membrane
B. Ribosome
C. Cytoplasm
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: D. Nucleus
Rationale: Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound nuclei.
8. DNA is classified as a
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: D. Nucleic acid
Rationale: DNA is a nucleic acid that stores genetic information.
9. The building blocks of DNA are called
A. Amino acids
B. Fatty acids
C. Monosaccharides
D. Nucleotides
Correct Answer: D. Nucleotides
Rationale: DNA is made of repeating nucleotide units.
10. The process of copying DNA is called
, A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Respiration
D. Replication
Correct Answer: D. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces an identical copy of DNA before cell division.
11. Mitosis produces
A. Four different cells
B. Gametes
C. Mutated cells
D. Two identical daughter cells
Correct Answer: D. Two identical daughter cells
Rationale: Mitosis creates genetically identical cells for growth and repair.
12. Meiosis produces
A. Skin cells
B. Body cells
C. Identical cells
D. Sex cells
Correct Answer: D. Sex cells
Rationale: Meiosis produces haploid gametes such as sperm and eggs.
13. A gene is a segment of
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. RNA only
D. DNA
Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. The smallest unit capable of carrying out life processes is the
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Molecule
D. Cell
Correct Answer: D. Cell
Rationale: Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
2. Which organelle contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: D. Nucleus
Rationale: The nucleus stores DNA and controls many cellular activities.
3. The main function of mitochondria is to
A. Store DNA
B. Produce proteins
,C. Digest waste materials
D. Produce ATP
Correct Answer: D. Produce ATP
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
4. Ribosomes are the site of
A. Photosynthesis
B. DNA storage
C. Cell division
D. Protein synthesis
Correct Answer: D. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins.
5. The cell membrane is made primarily of
A. Proteins only
B. Cellulose
C. DNA
D. Phospholipids
Correct Answer: D. Phospholipids
Rationale: Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of cell membranes.
6. The main function of the cell membrane is to
A. Make glucose
B. Store chromosomes
C. Produce ATP
D. Control movement of substances
Correct Answer: D. Control movement of substances
,Rationale: The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
7. Prokaryotic cells lack a
A. Cell membrane
B. Ribosome
C. Cytoplasm
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: D. Nucleus
Rationale: Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound nuclei.
8. DNA is classified as a
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: D. Nucleic acid
Rationale: DNA is a nucleic acid that stores genetic information.
9. The building blocks of DNA are called
A. Amino acids
B. Fatty acids
C. Monosaccharides
D. Nucleotides
Correct Answer: D. Nucleotides
Rationale: DNA is made of repeating nucleotide units.
10. The process of copying DNA is called
, A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Respiration
D. Replication
Correct Answer: D. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication produces an identical copy of DNA before cell division.
11. Mitosis produces
A. Four different cells
B. Gametes
C. Mutated cells
D. Two identical daughter cells
Correct Answer: D. Two identical daughter cells
Rationale: Mitosis creates genetically identical cells for growth and repair.
12. Meiosis produces
A. Skin cells
B. Body cells
C. Identical cells
D. Sex cells
Correct Answer: D. Sex cells
Rationale: Meiosis produces haploid gametes such as sperm and eggs.
13. A gene is a segment of
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. RNA only
D. DNA
