Exam 2 NSG 4100 – Advanced Medical-
Surgical
Nursing: ACTUAL Questions and Verified
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSRs
(2026 Edition) Instant Pdf Download
Introduction
Welcome to the NSG 4100 Exam 2 Comprehensive Practice Question Set, designed for nursing
students preparing for advanced medical-surgical nursing assessments in 2026. This collection
contains 120 rigorously crafted questions in mixed formats—including multiple-choice
questions (MCQs), select-all-that-apply (SATA), and short-CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR
questions—aligned with core nursing competencies, evidence-based practices, and current
clinical guidelines.
The content covers high-yield topics frequently tested in Exam 2, such as:
• Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart failure, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias,
hypertension, and shock.
• Respiratory Disorders: COPD, asthma, pneumonia, ventilator care, and oxygen
management.
• Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes mellitus, DKA, hypoglycemia, hyper- and
hypokalemia, and thyroid disorders.
• Renal and Fluid-Electrolyte Imbalances: Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease,
hyperphosphatemia, and fluid volume imbalances.
• Infection Control and Sepsis Management: Identification, early intervention, and
implementation of infection precautions.
• Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Disorders: Acute pancreatitis, nutrition, and pain
management.
• Patient Safety and Quality Care: Fall prevention, pressure injury prevention, aspiration
precautions, DVT prevention, and monitoring for adverse effects of medications.
,1. A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who reports new-
onset shortness of breath. Which assessment finding is most
concerning?
A. Mild ankle edema
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Slight weight gain
D. Fatigue with exertion
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: B. Crackles in the lungs
Rationale: Crackles indicate fluid accumulation in the lungs, suggesting
worsening heart failure and pulmonary congestion, which is an urgent
concern.
2. SATA: The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about
lifestyle modifications. Which statements indicate understanding?
A. “I should reduce sodium in my diet.”
B. “I can skip my medications if I feel fine.”
C. “Regular exercise helps control blood
pressure.”
D. “Stress management can lower
my BP.”
E. “Alcohol has no effect on blood pressure.”
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A, C, D
Rationale: Reducing sodium, exercising regularly, and managing stress all
help lower blood pressure. Skipping medications or drinking alcohol
excessively can worsen hypertension.
3. A patient is prescribed furosemide 40 mg IV for fluid overload.
Which electrolyte should the nurse monitor closely?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
,D. Magnesium
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: B. Potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause significant
potassium loss, increasing the risk of arrhythmias.
4. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has
an oxygen saturation of 85% on room air. What is the nurse’s priority
action?
A. Administer oxygen as prescribed
B. Encourage coughing and deep breathing
C. Place the patient in a supine position
D. Notify the healthcare provider after 1 hour
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A. Administer oxygen as prescribed
Rationale: Oxygen saturation below 90% requires immediate intervention
with supplemental oxygen. Positioning and coughing are supportive
measures.
5. A nurse is assessing a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with DKA?
A. Serum glucose 180 mg/dL
B. Serum pH 7.28
C. Serum potassium 3.0 mEq/L
D. BUN 10 mg/dL
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: B. Serum pH 7.28
Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis, reflected by a low pH.
Hyperglycemia and electrolyte imbalances may also occur.
6. SATA: Which patients are at increased risk for pressure injuries?
A. Elderly patient with limited mobility
, B. Patient on high-dose corticosteroids
C. Patient who ambulates independently
D. Patient with
incontinence
E. Patient with
obesity
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A, B, D, E
Rationale: Limited mobility, corticosteroid use, incontinence, and obesity
increase pressure injury risk. Ambulation protects skin integrity.
7. A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medication list. Which drug class is
most likely to cause orthostatic hypotension?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Diuretics
D. Calcium channel blockers
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A. Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers can reduce sympathetic tone, leading to
orthostatic hypotension, especially in older adults.
8. Short CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: Describe three
interventions a nurse can implement to prevent falls in hospitalized
older adults.
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR:
1. Keep the bed in a low position with brakes locked
2. Ensure adequate lighting and clear pathways
3. Use assistive devices (walker, cane) as needed
Rationale: These interventions reduce environmental hazards and
support safe mobility.
Surgical
Nursing: ACTUAL Questions and Verified
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSRs
(2026 Edition) Instant Pdf Download
Introduction
Welcome to the NSG 4100 Exam 2 Comprehensive Practice Question Set, designed for nursing
students preparing for advanced medical-surgical nursing assessments in 2026. This collection
contains 120 rigorously crafted questions in mixed formats—including multiple-choice
questions (MCQs), select-all-that-apply (SATA), and short-CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR
questions—aligned with core nursing competencies, evidence-based practices, and current
clinical guidelines.
The content covers high-yield topics frequently tested in Exam 2, such as:
• Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart failure, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias,
hypertension, and shock.
• Respiratory Disorders: COPD, asthma, pneumonia, ventilator care, and oxygen
management.
• Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes mellitus, DKA, hypoglycemia, hyper- and
hypokalemia, and thyroid disorders.
• Renal and Fluid-Electrolyte Imbalances: Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease,
hyperphosphatemia, and fluid volume imbalances.
• Infection Control and Sepsis Management: Identification, early intervention, and
implementation of infection precautions.
• Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Disorders: Acute pancreatitis, nutrition, and pain
management.
• Patient Safety and Quality Care: Fall prevention, pressure injury prevention, aspiration
precautions, DVT prevention, and monitoring for adverse effects of medications.
,1. A nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure who reports new-
onset shortness of breath. Which assessment finding is most
concerning?
A. Mild ankle edema
B. Crackles in the lungs
C. Slight weight gain
D. Fatigue with exertion
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: B. Crackles in the lungs
Rationale: Crackles indicate fluid accumulation in the lungs, suggesting
worsening heart failure and pulmonary congestion, which is an urgent
concern.
2. SATA: The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about
lifestyle modifications. Which statements indicate understanding?
A. “I should reduce sodium in my diet.”
B. “I can skip my medications if I feel fine.”
C. “Regular exercise helps control blood
pressure.”
D. “Stress management can lower
my BP.”
E. “Alcohol has no effect on blood pressure.”
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A, C, D
Rationale: Reducing sodium, exercising regularly, and managing stress all
help lower blood pressure. Skipping medications or drinking alcohol
excessively can worsen hypertension.
3. A patient is prescribed furosemide 40 mg IV for fluid overload.
Which electrolyte should the nurse monitor closely?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
,D. Magnesium
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: B. Potassium
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause significant
potassium loss, increasing the risk of arrhythmias.
4. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has
an oxygen saturation of 85% on room air. What is the nurse’s priority
action?
A. Administer oxygen as prescribed
B. Encourage coughing and deep breathing
C. Place the patient in a supine position
D. Notify the healthcare provider after 1 hour
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A. Administer oxygen as prescribed
Rationale: Oxygen saturation below 90% requires immediate intervention
with supplemental oxygen. Positioning and coughing are supportive
measures.
5. A nurse is assessing a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Which laboratory finding is most consistent with DKA?
A. Serum glucose 180 mg/dL
B. Serum pH 7.28
C. Serum potassium 3.0 mEq/L
D. BUN 10 mg/dL
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: B. Serum pH 7.28
Rationale: DKA causes metabolic acidosis, reflected by a low pH.
Hyperglycemia and electrolyte imbalances may also occur.
6. SATA: Which patients are at increased risk for pressure injuries?
A. Elderly patient with limited mobility
, B. Patient on high-dose corticosteroids
C. Patient who ambulates independently
D. Patient with
incontinence
E. Patient with
obesity
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A, B, D, E
Rationale: Limited mobility, corticosteroid use, incontinence, and obesity
increase pressure injury risk. Ambulation protects skin integrity.
7. A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medication list. Which drug class is
most likely to cause orthostatic hypotension?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Diuretics
D. Calcium channel blockers
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: A. Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers can reduce sympathetic tone, leading to
orthostatic hypotension, especially in older adults.
8. Short CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR: Describe three
interventions a nurse can implement to prevent falls in hospitalized
older adults.
CORRECT 100% DETAILED ANSR:
1. Keep the bed in a low position with brakes locked
2. Ensure adequate lighting and clear pathways
3. Use assistive devices (walker, cane) as needed
Rationale: These interventions reduce environmental hazards and
support safe mobility.
