McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
1 Cellular Biology
2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
3 The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
4 Genes and Genetic Diseases
5 Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
6 Epigenetics and Disease
7 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
8 Adaptive Immunity
9 Alterations in Immunity
10 Infection
11 Stress and Disease
12 Cancer Biology
13 Cancer Epidemiology
14 Cancer in Children and Adolescents
15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
16 Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
17 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
18 Alterations of the Brain, Spinal Cord, and Peripheral Nerves
19 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,
and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
20 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
21 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
22 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
23 Obesity, Starvation, and Anorexia of Aging
24 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
25 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
26 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
27 Sexually Transmitted Infections
28 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
29 Alterations of Hematologic Function
,30 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
31 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
32 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
34 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
35 Alterations of Pulmonary Function
36 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
37 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
38 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
39 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
40 Structure and Function of the Digestive System
41 Alterations of Digestive Function
42 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
43 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
44 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
45 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
46 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
47 Alterations of the Integument in Children
48 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
49 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
- Next-Generation NCLEX Case Study for Pathophysiology
,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
function as the intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off
from the cellular membrane.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular
self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often
located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid
hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
1 Cellular Biology
2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
3 The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
4 Genes and Genetic Diseases
5 Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
6 Epigenetics and Disease
7 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
8 Adaptive Immunity
9 Alterations in Immunity
10 Infection
11 Stress and Disease
12 Cancer Biology
13 Cancer Epidemiology
14 Cancer in Children and Adolescents
15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
16 Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
17 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
18 Alterations of the Brain, Spinal Cord, and Peripheral Nerves
19 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,
and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
20 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
21 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
22 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
23 Obesity, Starvation, and Anorexia of Aging
24 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
25 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
26 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
27 Sexually Transmitted Infections
28 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
29 Alterations of Hematologic Function
,30 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
31 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
32 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
34 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
35 Alterations of Pulmonary Function
36 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
37 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
38 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
39 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
40 Structure and Function of the Digestive System
41 Alterations of Digestive Function
42 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
43 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
44 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
45 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
46 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
47 Alterations of the Integument in Children
48 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
49 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
- Next-Generation NCLEX Case Study for Pathophysiology
,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
metabolic absorption.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
function as the intracellular digestive system.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is
a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off
from the cellular membrane.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular
self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis. The Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often
located near the cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid
hormone production and removing toxic substances from the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S
= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
