BIOS 255 Final Exam Questions and Answers |
2026 Update | 100% Correct.
What are the 2 type of immune response?
Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity
Which lines of defense make up innate immunity?
1st and 2nd line of defense
Innate Immunity characteristics
Non-specific resistance
Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
What is the 1st line of defense?
Skin & Mucous Membranes
What is the 2nd line of defense?
Internal Defenses
The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types?
Mechanical Defense & Chemical Defense
What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity
skin
mucous membranes
tears
,saliva
mucus
cillia
epiglottis
urine
defecating
vomiting
What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity
sebum
lysozyme
gastric juices
What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
Fever
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
steps of phagocytosis
chemotaxis
Adherence
,Ingestion
Digestion
killing
What happens in inflammation?
redness/pain/heat/swelling
Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels
phagocytes migrate from blood to injury
PRISH
What do interferons do?
protect the uninfected host cell from viral infection
adaptive immunity definition
ability of body to defend itself against specific invading agents
adaptive immunity characteristics
Specific immunity
has both specificity and memory
2 types
what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity
cell mediated and antibody mediated
What is Cell Mediated Immunity
Specific immunity that only uses T cells
, antibody-mediated immunity
produces antibody B cells in response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T cells
(humoral)
Immunogenicity
ability to provoke immune response
Reactivity
ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody it provokes
What are epitopes?
receptors on B & T cells
Binding site
B Cells in antigen processing
Recognize and bind to antigens in lymph, interstitial fluid and blood
T Cells in antigen processing
only recognize fragments of antigenic proteins (MHC)
What is antigen presentation?
the antigen-MHC complex is inserted into plasma membrane of body cell
Exogenous Antigen processing
Organism begins OUTSIDE the cell
MHC II
2026 Update | 100% Correct.
What are the 2 type of immune response?
Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity
Which lines of defense make up innate immunity?
1st and 2nd line of defense
Innate Immunity characteristics
Non-specific resistance
Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
What is the 1st line of defense?
Skin & Mucous Membranes
What is the 2nd line of defense?
Internal Defenses
The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types?
Mechanical Defense & Chemical Defense
What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity
skin
mucous membranes
tears
,saliva
mucus
cillia
epiglottis
urine
defecating
vomiting
What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity
sebum
lysozyme
gastric juices
What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
Fever
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
steps of phagocytosis
chemotaxis
Adherence
,Ingestion
Digestion
killing
What happens in inflammation?
redness/pain/heat/swelling
Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels
phagocytes migrate from blood to injury
PRISH
What do interferons do?
protect the uninfected host cell from viral infection
adaptive immunity definition
ability of body to defend itself against specific invading agents
adaptive immunity characteristics
Specific immunity
has both specificity and memory
2 types
what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity
cell mediated and antibody mediated
What is Cell Mediated Immunity
Specific immunity that only uses T cells
, antibody-mediated immunity
produces antibody B cells in response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T cells
(humoral)
Immunogenicity
ability to provoke immune response
Reactivity
ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody it provokes
What are epitopes?
receptors on B & T cells
Binding site
B Cells in antigen processing
Recognize and bind to antigens in lymph, interstitial fluid and blood
T Cells in antigen processing
only recognize fragments of antigenic proteins (MHC)
What is antigen presentation?
the antigen-MHC complex is inserted into plasma membrane of body cell
Exogenous Antigen processing
Organism begins OUTSIDE the cell
MHC II
