BIOS 255 Exam 2 Questions and Answers | 2026
Update | 100% Correct.
red bone marrow and thymus
What are the primary lymphatic organs?
lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen
What are the secondary lymphatic organs?
15% of interstitial fluid that has been absorbed by the lymphatic vessels
What is lymph?
A pump such as the heart
What do lymphatic vessels lack?
Stretching of the vessels to open valves that allow one directional flow for lymph
What do lymphatic vessels rely on?
from blood that is forced out of capillaries and is not reabsorbed
Where does lymph come from?
macrophages, hormones, bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, cancer cells
What does lymph contain?
Skeletal muscle pumps
Lymphatic flow can also be produced by what?
, When certain cells (especially leukocytes) are infected with viruses, they secrete interferon
proteins
What are interferons?
alert neighboring cells and protect them from becoming infected
What do interferons do?
Surface receptors on infected cells and activate second-messenger systems within
What do interferons bind to?
NK cells and macrophages
What do interferons activate?
Destroy infected cells before they can liberate a swarm of newly replicated viruses.
What do NK cells and macrophages do?
A group of 30 or more globular proteins that make up powerful contributions to both
innate and adaptive immunity
What is the complement system?
It completes the action of an antibody
Why is is named "complement" system?
the liver
Where are complement proteins mainly synthesized by?
Circulate in the blood in inactive form and are activated in the presence of pathogens
Update | 100% Correct.
red bone marrow and thymus
What are the primary lymphatic organs?
lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen
What are the secondary lymphatic organs?
15% of interstitial fluid that has been absorbed by the lymphatic vessels
What is lymph?
A pump such as the heart
What do lymphatic vessels lack?
Stretching of the vessels to open valves that allow one directional flow for lymph
What do lymphatic vessels rely on?
from blood that is forced out of capillaries and is not reabsorbed
Where does lymph come from?
macrophages, hormones, bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, cancer cells
What does lymph contain?
Skeletal muscle pumps
Lymphatic flow can also be produced by what?
, When certain cells (especially leukocytes) are infected with viruses, they secrete interferon
proteins
What are interferons?
alert neighboring cells and protect them from becoming infected
What do interferons do?
Surface receptors on infected cells and activate second-messenger systems within
What do interferons bind to?
NK cells and macrophages
What do interferons activate?
Destroy infected cells before they can liberate a swarm of newly replicated viruses.
What do NK cells and macrophages do?
A group of 30 or more globular proteins that make up powerful contributions to both
innate and adaptive immunity
What is the complement system?
It completes the action of an antibody
Why is is named "complement" system?
the liver
Where are complement proteins mainly synthesized by?
Circulate in the blood in inactive form and are activated in the presence of pathogens
