BIOL 1322 Nutrition–Questions and Answers | 2026
Update | 100% Correct.
Macronutrients versus Micronutrients
Macronutrients- Nutrients your body needs in large amounts (Carbohydrates, fats (lipids),
Protein, and water)
Micronutrients- Essential nutrients the body needs in smaller amounts (vitamins and minerals)
organic nutrients
Carbon in the chemical make upture
inorganic nutrients
No carbon in the structure
How many calories per gram for carbohydrates?
4 kcal/gram
How many calories per gram for lipids?
9 kcal/gram
How many calories per gram for protein?
4 kcal/gram
How many calories per gram for alcohol?
7 kcal/gram
,Nutrient density
the measurement of the nutrients in a food compared to the kilo-calorie content
Energy density
the measurement of kilo-calories compared with the weight (grams) of the food
What does DRI stand for?
Dietary Referene Intakes
Dietary Reference Intakes
The DRIs are the specific amount of each nutrients that one needs to consume to maintain good
health, prevent chronic diseases, and avoid unhealthy excesses
What five reference values do the DRIs compromise? (what each one measures)?
1. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)- amount of a nutrient projected to meet the needs of
50% of healthy Americans. They are based on risk for deficiency. EARS are used to calculate
RDAs. The EAR is a starting point to determine the amount of a nutrient an individual should
consume daily for good health.
2. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)- The RDA is based on the EAR, but it is set higher.
It represents the average amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of nearly all (97 to 98 percent)
of the individuals in a similar group
3. Adequate Intake (AI)- If there is insufficient scientific information to determine the EAR for a
nutrient, the RDA cannot be developed. For nutrients with no RDA, Adequate Intake (AI) can
, provide an alternative guideline. The AI is the next best scientific estimate of the amount of a
nutrient that groups of similar individuals should consume to maintain good health.
4. The Tolerable Upper Intake Limit (UL)- The highest amount of a nutrient that can be
consumed without harm. Consumption above this level increases risk of toxicity.
5. Acceptable Macro-nutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)-Ensures that intake of nutrients
adequate and proportionate to physiological needs
-carbohydrates 45-65% of daily kcals
-fats 20-35% of daily kcals
-Proteins 10-35% of daily kcals
AMDR for carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
-carbohydrates 45-65% of daily kcals
-fats 20-35% of daily kcals
-Proteins 10-35% of daily kcals
The main attributes of a healthy diet
Whole foods, proportionality, nutrient dense
The 2015 Changes to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Cholesterol: No guideline
Fats:•Same guideline, differentiate type of fat
Sugars: A 2015 Dietary Guidelines' key recommendation encourages Americans to "consume
Update | 100% Correct.
Macronutrients versus Micronutrients
Macronutrients- Nutrients your body needs in large amounts (Carbohydrates, fats (lipids),
Protein, and water)
Micronutrients- Essential nutrients the body needs in smaller amounts (vitamins and minerals)
organic nutrients
Carbon in the chemical make upture
inorganic nutrients
No carbon in the structure
How many calories per gram for carbohydrates?
4 kcal/gram
How many calories per gram for lipids?
9 kcal/gram
How many calories per gram for protein?
4 kcal/gram
How many calories per gram for alcohol?
7 kcal/gram
,Nutrient density
the measurement of the nutrients in a food compared to the kilo-calorie content
Energy density
the measurement of kilo-calories compared with the weight (grams) of the food
What does DRI stand for?
Dietary Referene Intakes
Dietary Reference Intakes
The DRIs are the specific amount of each nutrients that one needs to consume to maintain good
health, prevent chronic diseases, and avoid unhealthy excesses
What five reference values do the DRIs compromise? (what each one measures)?
1. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)- amount of a nutrient projected to meet the needs of
50% of healthy Americans. They are based on risk for deficiency. EARS are used to calculate
RDAs. The EAR is a starting point to determine the amount of a nutrient an individual should
consume daily for good health.
2. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)- The RDA is based on the EAR, but it is set higher.
It represents the average amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of nearly all (97 to 98 percent)
of the individuals in a similar group
3. Adequate Intake (AI)- If there is insufficient scientific information to determine the EAR for a
nutrient, the RDA cannot be developed. For nutrients with no RDA, Adequate Intake (AI) can
, provide an alternative guideline. The AI is the next best scientific estimate of the amount of a
nutrient that groups of similar individuals should consume to maintain good health.
4. The Tolerable Upper Intake Limit (UL)- The highest amount of a nutrient that can be
consumed without harm. Consumption above this level increases risk of toxicity.
5. Acceptable Macro-nutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)-Ensures that intake of nutrients
adequate and proportionate to physiological needs
-carbohydrates 45-65% of daily kcals
-fats 20-35% of daily kcals
-Proteins 10-35% of daily kcals
AMDR for carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
-carbohydrates 45-65% of daily kcals
-fats 20-35% of daily kcals
-Proteins 10-35% of daily kcals
The main attributes of a healthy diet
Whole foods, proportionality, nutrient dense
The 2015 Changes to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Cholesterol: No guideline
Fats:•Same guideline, differentiate type of fat
Sugars: A 2015 Dietary Guidelines' key recommendation encourages Americans to "consume
