Biology 1322 Final Exam Study Set–500 Questions
and Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct.
Define nutrition
the science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions
and health
What are the essential nutrients?
carbohydrates
protein
fat
vitamins
minerals
water
Define macronutrients
energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts
(carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins)
Define micronutrients
energy-yielding nutrients needed in smaller amounts
(vitamins, minerals)
Define organic nutrients
contain carbon atoms (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins)
Define inorganic nutrients
,do not contain carbon atoms (minerals, water)
What are three characteristics of an essential nutrient?
1. Has a specific biological function (i.e. calcium for bone growth)
2. replenishing restores function (restores health)
3. omission results in decrease of function (adverse health impact)
What is the energy value of carbohydrates?
4 kcal/gram
What is the energy value of protein?
4 kcal/gram
What is the energy value of fat?
9 kcal/gram
What is the energy value of alcohol?
7 kcal/gram
A meal has 8 grams of protein, 10 grams of fat, and 12 grams of carbohydrates. What is the
energy value of this meal?
170 kcal
(8g x 4 = 32kcal; 10g x 9 = 90kcal; 12g x 4 = 48 kcal; 32+90+48 = 170 kcal)
A person normally consumes 1600 kcals. How many grams of protein should they consume
to have 25% of their energy come from protein?
,100 grams (1600 kcal x .25 = 400 kcal of protein; 400 kcal/ 4kcal = 100 g of protein)
What are the 3 components to the "philosophy that works" for a healthy diet?
1. balance
2. variety
3. moderation
Define phytochemical
nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases
Define nutrient density
the amount of nutrients per calories in a given food (nutrient content / calorie content)
(nutrient-dense foods provide more nutrients per calorie)
Define energy density
a comparison of the calorie content of food with the weight or volume of a food (kcals compared
to grams)
Define over nutrition
a state of excess nutrients and/or calories in a diet
Define undernutrition
a state of inadequate nutrition
Define malnutrition (malnourished)
long-term outcome of consuming a diet that doesn't meet nutrient needs
, Define Daily Value (DV)
a guide to nutrients in one serving of food; established reference levels of nutrients, based on a
2,000 calorie diet, that are used on food labels
What does RDA stand for?
Recommended Daily Allowance
Define RDA
the average amount of nutrient that meets the needs of 97-98% of all individuals in a similar age
and gender group
What is the difference between DV and RDA?
DV references levels of nutrients in a serving of food, RDA is the amount of nutrients that an
individual should intake daily to be healthy
What is MyPlate? (Describe it)
a tool that depicts the recommended proportions of 5 food groups using a mealtime visual of a
plate setting (fruits, veggies, grains, protein, dairy)
What are the MyPlate recommendations?
proportionality (more than 1/2 the plate to fruits and vegetables),
moderation
variety (vary veggies, focus on fruit)
focus on nutrient dense foods (calcium rich foods, lean protein, at least 1/2 of grains be whole
grains)
and Answers | 2026 Update | 100% Correct.
Define nutrition
the science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions
and health
What are the essential nutrients?
carbohydrates
protein
fat
vitamins
minerals
water
Define macronutrients
energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts
(carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins)
Define micronutrients
energy-yielding nutrients needed in smaller amounts
(vitamins, minerals)
Define organic nutrients
contain carbon atoms (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins)
Define inorganic nutrients
,do not contain carbon atoms (minerals, water)
What are three characteristics of an essential nutrient?
1. Has a specific biological function (i.e. calcium for bone growth)
2. replenishing restores function (restores health)
3. omission results in decrease of function (adverse health impact)
What is the energy value of carbohydrates?
4 kcal/gram
What is the energy value of protein?
4 kcal/gram
What is the energy value of fat?
9 kcal/gram
What is the energy value of alcohol?
7 kcal/gram
A meal has 8 grams of protein, 10 grams of fat, and 12 grams of carbohydrates. What is the
energy value of this meal?
170 kcal
(8g x 4 = 32kcal; 10g x 9 = 90kcal; 12g x 4 = 48 kcal; 32+90+48 = 170 kcal)
A person normally consumes 1600 kcals. How many grams of protein should they consume
to have 25% of their energy come from protein?
,100 grams (1600 kcal x .25 = 400 kcal of protein; 400 kcal/ 4kcal = 100 g of protein)
What are the 3 components to the "philosophy that works" for a healthy diet?
1. balance
2. variety
3. moderation
Define phytochemical
nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases
Define nutrient density
the amount of nutrients per calories in a given food (nutrient content / calorie content)
(nutrient-dense foods provide more nutrients per calorie)
Define energy density
a comparison of the calorie content of food with the weight or volume of a food (kcals compared
to grams)
Define over nutrition
a state of excess nutrients and/or calories in a diet
Define undernutrition
a state of inadequate nutrition
Define malnutrition (malnourished)
long-term outcome of consuming a diet that doesn't meet nutrient needs
, Define Daily Value (DV)
a guide to nutrients in one serving of food; established reference levels of nutrients, based on a
2,000 calorie diet, that are used on food labels
What does RDA stand for?
Recommended Daily Allowance
Define RDA
the average amount of nutrient that meets the needs of 97-98% of all individuals in a similar age
and gender group
What is the difference between DV and RDA?
DV references levels of nutrients in a serving of food, RDA is the amount of nutrients that an
individual should intake daily to be healthy
What is MyPlate? (Describe it)
a tool that depicts the recommended proportions of 5 food groups using a mealtime visual of a
plate setting (fruits, veggies, grains, protein, dairy)
What are the MyPlate recommendations?
proportionality (more than 1/2 the plate to fruits and vegetables),
moderation
variety (vary veggies, focus on fruit)
focus on nutrient dense foods (calcium rich foods, lean protein, at least 1/2 of grains be whole
grains)
