PSYC 2070 EXAM 1 KNAPP FINAL PAPER
SOLVED QUESTIONS DETAILED ANSWERS
SUCCESS PREPARATION PACKAGE
●● prosocial behavior
Answer: socially desirable behavior that benefits others
●● abstract modeling
Answer: the process in which modeling paves the way for the
development of more general rules and principles
●● empathy
Answer: the understanding of other people's feelings & being able to
share those emotions with them
●● Who suggested that people pass through a series of stages in the
development of moral reasoning & their sense of justice?
Answer: Kohlberg
●● pre-conventional morality (Kohlberg)
Answer: concrete interests of the individual are considered in terms of
rewards or punishments
,●● conventional morality (Kohlberg)
Answer: people approach problems in terms of their own position (obey
laws and rules)
●● post-conventional morality (Kohlberg)
Answer: people use moral principles that are seen as broader than those
of a particular society (relatively rare)
●● How well is moral reasoning correlated with moral behavior?
Answer: -may differ in diverse cultures
-Kohlberg's theory was based largely on data from males
●● Who suggested that the way boys and girls are raised leads to
differences in moral reasoning?
Answer: Gilligan
●● How do boys view morality?
Answer: in terms of justice and fairness
●● How do girls view morality?
Answer: responsibility toward individuals & willingness to sacrifice
themselves to help people in their particular relationships
,●● orientation toward individual survival (Gilligan)
Answer: Stage 1- initial concentration is on what is practical and best for
self; gradual transition from selfishness to responsibility to others
●● goodness as self-sacrifice (Gilligan)
Answer: Stage 2- begin to think that they must sacrifice their own
wishes for what others want
●● morality of nonviolence (Gilligan)
Answer: Stage 3- the understanding that hurting anyone is immoral--
even oneself (most sophisticated)
●● Why is there a disconnect between moral reasoning & moral
behavior?
Answer: -researchers assume moral reasoning lies at the heart of moral
behavior
-in the real world, there are circumstances that override our moral
compass
-moral judgments are made in a variety of contexts & there is typically
an overgeneralization of domains & situations
●● social domain approach
Answer: the concept that moral reasoning needs to be considered in the
context in which judgments are being made at a given time
, ●● moral domains
Answer: contexts that focus on concerns about justice
●● social-conventional domains
Answer: contexts involving the need for social groups to function well
●● personal domains
Answer: contexts involving matters of personal choice
●● self-serving behaviors
Answer: done to gain something
●● altruistic behaviors
Answer: done to help others and requiring clear self-sacrifice
●● People who show more sophisticated levels of _______________ are
generally more sympathetic.
Answer: prosocial reasoning
●● Females tend to demonstrate _______ levels of prosocial reasoning
than males.
Answer: higher
SOLVED QUESTIONS DETAILED ANSWERS
SUCCESS PREPARATION PACKAGE
●● prosocial behavior
Answer: socially desirable behavior that benefits others
●● abstract modeling
Answer: the process in which modeling paves the way for the
development of more general rules and principles
●● empathy
Answer: the understanding of other people's feelings & being able to
share those emotions with them
●● Who suggested that people pass through a series of stages in the
development of moral reasoning & their sense of justice?
Answer: Kohlberg
●● pre-conventional morality (Kohlberg)
Answer: concrete interests of the individual are considered in terms of
rewards or punishments
,●● conventional morality (Kohlberg)
Answer: people approach problems in terms of their own position (obey
laws and rules)
●● post-conventional morality (Kohlberg)
Answer: people use moral principles that are seen as broader than those
of a particular society (relatively rare)
●● How well is moral reasoning correlated with moral behavior?
Answer: -may differ in diverse cultures
-Kohlberg's theory was based largely on data from males
●● Who suggested that the way boys and girls are raised leads to
differences in moral reasoning?
Answer: Gilligan
●● How do boys view morality?
Answer: in terms of justice and fairness
●● How do girls view morality?
Answer: responsibility toward individuals & willingness to sacrifice
themselves to help people in their particular relationships
,●● orientation toward individual survival (Gilligan)
Answer: Stage 1- initial concentration is on what is practical and best for
self; gradual transition from selfishness to responsibility to others
●● goodness as self-sacrifice (Gilligan)
Answer: Stage 2- begin to think that they must sacrifice their own
wishes for what others want
●● morality of nonviolence (Gilligan)
Answer: Stage 3- the understanding that hurting anyone is immoral--
even oneself (most sophisticated)
●● Why is there a disconnect between moral reasoning & moral
behavior?
Answer: -researchers assume moral reasoning lies at the heart of moral
behavior
-in the real world, there are circumstances that override our moral
compass
-moral judgments are made in a variety of contexts & there is typically
an overgeneralization of domains & situations
●● social domain approach
Answer: the concept that moral reasoning needs to be considered in the
context in which judgments are being made at a given time
, ●● moral domains
Answer: contexts that focus on concerns about justice
●● social-conventional domains
Answer: contexts involving the need for social groups to function well
●● personal domains
Answer: contexts involving matters of personal choice
●● self-serving behaviors
Answer: done to gain something
●● altruistic behaviors
Answer: done to help others and requiring clear self-sacrifice
●● People who show more sophisticated levels of _______________ are
generally more sympathetic.
Answer: prosocial reasoning
●● Females tend to demonstrate _______ levels of prosocial reasoning
than males.
Answer: higher
