ESS 101 MIDTERM UW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What=mineral=group=is=a=major=economic=source=of=lead?=-=ans-✔✔sulfide
The=_____=mineral=group=is=a=major=economic=source=lime=for=cement.=-=ans-
✔✔carbonate
Meteorites=that=strike=the=earth=are=predominantly=composed=of=_____?=-=ans-
✔✔iron-nickel=and=silicate=minerals
Why=are=P-waves=completely=absorbed=as=they=enter=the=outer=core?=-=ans-
✔✔none=of=the=above=answers=are=correct=as=P-
waves=are=not=completely=absorbed=in=the=outer=core
During=differentiation=of=the=earth,=heat=was=generated=from=_____.=-=ans-
✔✔1)=kinetic=energy=of=impacting=planetesimals
2)=compressional=heating=during=condensation=of=planetesimals
3)=radioactive=heating
Why=does=the=Yellowstone=hotspot=volcanism=produce=more=explosive=volcanic=erupti
ons=than=the=Hawaiian=hotspot=volcanism?=-=ans-
✔✔upwelling=basaltic=magma=partially=melts=the=overlying=continental=crust=producing
=viscous=rhyolitic=lava
Which=of=the=following=bond=strength=rankings=are=in=the=correct=order=from=weakest=t
o=strongest?=-=ans-✔✔Van=der=Waal,=ionic,=covalent
How=can=we=best=explain=the=fact=that=the=inner=and=outer=cores=are=both=composed=
of=metallic=iron=(Fe)=and=nickel=(Ni)=yet=the=outer=core=is=liquid=and=the=inner=core=soli
d?=-=ans-✔✔the=melting=temperature=for=Fe-
Ni=is=lower=than=the=geothermal=gradient=temperature=in=the=outer=core
What=type=of=seismic=wave=shadow=zone=is=shown=on=the=image=above?=-=ans-✔✔S-
wave
, How=can=one=best=explain=the=seismic=wave=properties=shown=in=the=above=diagram?
=-=ans-✔✔1)=refraction=of=seismic=wave=due=to=density=changes
2)=absorption=of=seismic=waves=due=to=phase=change=from=solid=to=liquid
Which=of=the=following=answers=is=not=a=characteristic=of=a=metal?=-=ans-
✔✔all=metals=are=anions=(negatively=charged=ions)
Which=volcanic=gas=was=not=added=to=the=earth's=atmosphere=during=early=differentiati
on=of=the=planet?=-=ans-✔✔O2
The=lava=composition=of=Mt.=St.=Helens=is=_____=and=it=tends=to=be=more=_____=than
=lavas=erupted=from=Mt.=Rainier.=-=ans-✔✔dacite,=silica-rich
The=Olympic=and=Coast=Mountains=are=composed=of=_____=-=ans-
✔✔marine=sedimentary=rock=scraped=off=from=the=ocean=floor=during=subduction
Which=of=the=following=plate=motions=would=not=likely=occur=in=the=future?=-=ans-
✔✔The=Isthmus=of=Panama=will=close=and=the=Gulf=Stream=current=will=be=diverted=n
orthward=to=Europe
The=rock=shown=in=the=image=below=has=a=_____=texture.=-=ans-
✔✔porphyritic=(two=stages=of=cooling)
Which=mineral=crystallized=first?=-=ans-
✔✔small=black=mineral=included=within=the=white=material
As=igneous=rock=partially=melts=the=magma=is=typically=-=ans-✔✔1)=more=felsic=(silica-
rich)=than=the=rock
2)lower=density=than=the=rock
Match=the=magma/lava=type=with=the=appropriate=geographic/
tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=formed.
1.=Columbia=Plateau
2.=Asthenosphere
3.=Mount=Fuji,=Japan=-=ans-✔✔1.=basalt
2.=peridotite
3.=andesite
What=is=the=ratio=of=Si:O=in=the=tetrahedral=structure=of=this=mineral?=-=ans-✔✔1:2:75
What=kind=of=tectonic=setting=is=represented=by=the=Ural=Mountains,=which=separate=A
sia=from=Europe?=-=ans-✔✔ancient=collision=margin=(continent-continent)
Following=differentiation=the=Earth=became=compositionally=zoned=according=to=_____
_.=-=ans-✔✔density=of=constituent=matter
AND ANSWERS
What=mineral=group=is=a=major=economic=source=of=lead?=-=ans-✔✔sulfide
The=_____=mineral=group=is=a=major=economic=source=lime=for=cement.=-=ans-
✔✔carbonate
Meteorites=that=strike=the=earth=are=predominantly=composed=of=_____?=-=ans-
✔✔iron-nickel=and=silicate=minerals
Why=are=P-waves=completely=absorbed=as=they=enter=the=outer=core?=-=ans-
✔✔none=of=the=above=answers=are=correct=as=P-
waves=are=not=completely=absorbed=in=the=outer=core
During=differentiation=of=the=earth,=heat=was=generated=from=_____.=-=ans-
✔✔1)=kinetic=energy=of=impacting=planetesimals
2)=compressional=heating=during=condensation=of=planetesimals
3)=radioactive=heating
Why=does=the=Yellowstone=hotspot=volcanism=produce=more=explosive=volcanic=erupti
ons=than=the=Hawaiian=hotspot=volcanism?=-=ans-
✔✔upwelling=basaltic=magma=partially=melts=the=overlying=continental=crust=producing
=viscous=rhyolitic=lava
Which=of=the=following=bond=strength=rankings=are=in=the=correct=order=from=weakest=t
o=strongest?=-=ans-✔✔Van=der=Waal,=ionic,=covalent
How=can=we=best=explain=the=fact=that=the=inner=and=outer=cores=are=both=composed=
of=metallic=iron=(Fe)=and=nickel=(Ni)=yet=the=outer=core=is=liquid=and=the=inner=core=soli
d?=-=ans-✔✔the=melting=temperature=for=Fe-
Ni=is=lower=than=the=geothermal=gradient=temperature=in=the=outer=core
What=type=of=seismic=wave=shadow=zone=is=shown=on=the=image=above?=-=ans-✔✔S-
wave
, How=can=one=best=explain=the=seismic=wave=properties=shown=in=the=above=diagram?
=-=ans-✔✔1)=refraction=of=seismic=wave=due=to=density=changes
2)=absorption=of=seismic=waves=due=to=phase=change=from=solid=to=liquid
Which=of=the=following=answers=is=not=a=characteristic=of=a=metal?=-=ans-
✔✔all=metals=are=anions=(negatively=charged=ions)
Which=volcanic=gas=was=not=added=to=the=earth's=atmosphere=during=early=differentiati
on=of=the=planet?=-=ans-✔✔O2
The=lava=composition=of=Mt.=St.=Helens=is=_____=and=it=tends=to=be=more=_____=than
=lavas=erupted=from=Mt.=Rainier.=-=ans-✔✔dacite,=silica-rich
The=Olympic=and=Coast=Mountains=are=composed=of=_____=-=ans-
✔✔marine=sedimentary=rock=scraped=off=from=the=ocean=floor=during=subduction
Which=of=the=following=plate=motions=would=not=likely=occur=in=the=future?=-=ans-
✔✔The=Isthmus=of=Panama=will=close=and=the=Gulf=Stream=current=will=be=diverted=n
orthward=to=Europe
The=rock=shown=in=the=image=below=has=a=_____=texture.=-=ans-
✔✔porphyritic=(two=stages=of=cooling)
Which=mineral=crystallized=first?=-=ans-
✔✔small=black=mineral=included=within=the=white=material
As=igneous=rock=partially=melts=the=magma=is=typically=-=ans-✔✔1)=more=felsic=(silica-
rich)=than=the=rock
2)lower=density=than=the=rock
Match=the=magma/lava=type=with=the=appropriate=geographic/
tectonic=setting=where=it=likely=formed.
1.=Columbia=Plateau
2.=Asthenosphere
3.=Mount=Fuji,=Japan=-=ans-✔✔1.=basalt
2.=peridotite
3.=andesite
What=is=the=ratio=of=Si:O=in=the=tetrahedral=structure=of=this=mineral?=-=ans-✔✔1:2:75
What=kind=of=tectonic=setting=is=represented=by=the=Ural=Mountains,=which=separate=A
sia=from=Europe?=-=ans-✔✔ancient=collision=margin=(continent-continent)
Following=differentiation=the=Earth=became=compositionally=zoned=according=to=_____
_.=-=ans-✔✔density=of=constituent=matter
