BIOL 231 EXAM 1 FULLY SOLVED &
UPDATED 2026
average size of a prokaryotic cell? - correct answer - 1
micrometer
average size of eukaryotic cells - correct answer - 10-100
micrometers
cells are ordered systems which requires two things: - correct
answer - a boundary: inside is ordered (living) and outside is
nonliving
energy: to organize and create and maintain order, to counteract
the tendency to randomness that we called entropy.
describe a generic animal cell - correct answer - have
cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, nucleus surrounded by nuclear
envelope, rough and smooth ER, mitochondria, golgi, lysosomes,
peroxisomes, vesicles, nucleolus, filaments
describe a generic plant cell - correct answer - cell wall,
chloroplast, plasmodesma, vacuole, centrioles, cytoskeleton (their
cytoskeleton is more extensive)
, describe Ea - correct answer - activation energy. these are
determined by two things: bonds are stable, bonds must be
broken in the reactants before new ones are made in the products
describe the hydrophobic effect and its impact on the cell -
correct answer - the hydrophobic effect brings molecules that are
hydrophobic together when placed in a hydrophilic environment.
By associating with each-other they create more entropy because
they disassociate water molecules with each-other.
important? b/c responsible for many cellular phenomena (protein
folding, membrane association, stacking of DNA bases in double
helix)
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation - correct answer - pH = pKa +
log [A-]/[HA] for acids, (same thing for bases just use B
how can you experimentally identify the cytoplasm and
nucleoplasm compartments of cells? - correct answer - you can
inject a small amount of colored dye molecule into the cell the dye
which is hydrophilic will not cross the membranes and will enter
the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm which are all outside the
membranes.
(vise versa for staining the inside ( add it to the extracellular fluid)
how do complementary shapes of molecules help maximize they
hydrophobic effect? - correct answer - the non polar molecules
UPDATED 2026
average size of a prokaryotic cell? - correct answer - 1
micrometer
average size of eukaryotic cells - correct answer - 10-100
micrometers
cells are ordered systems which requires two things: - correct
answer - a boundary: inside is ordered (living) and outside is
nonliving
energy: to organize and create and maintain order, to counteract
the tendency to randomness that we called entropy.
describe a generic animal cell - correct answer - have
cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, nucleus surrounded by nuclear
envelope, rough and smooth ER, mitochondria, golgi, lysosomes,
peroxisomes, vesicles, nucleolus, filaments
describe a generic plant cell - correct answer - cell wall,
chloroplast, plasmodesma, vacuole, centrioles, cytoskeleton (their
cytoskeleton is more extensive)
, describe Ea - correct answer - activation energy. these are
determined by two things: bonds are stable, bonds must be
broken in the reactants before new ones are made in the products
describe the hydrophobic effect and its impact on the cell -
correct answer - the hydrophobic effect brings molecules that are
hydrophobic together when placed in a hydrophilic environment.
By associating with each-other they create more entropy because
they disassociate water molecules with each-other.
important? b/c responsible for many cellular phenomena (protein
folding, membrane association, stacking of DNA bases in double
helix)
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation - correct answer - pH = pKa +
log [A-]/[HA] for acids, (same thing for bases just use B
how can you experimentally identify the cytoplasm and
nucleoplasm compartments of cells? - correct answer - you can
inject a small amount of colored dye molecule into the cell the dye
which is hydrophilic will not cross the membranes and will enter
the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm which are all outside the
membranes.
(vise versa for staining the inside ( add it to the extracellular fluid)
how do complementary shapes of molecules help maximize they
hydrophobic effect? - correct answer - the non polar molecules
