Georgia Biology EOC Exam 1 Questions with
Correct Answers
Existing cells
Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment can support
without detrimental effects
Gamete
a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a
new organism.
Zygote
the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.
Embryo
the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early stages of development
within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square
a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of
grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
Phenotype
The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental influences.
Genotype
,the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set
of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele
any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for
hereditary variation.
Homozygous
having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics
Heterozygous
having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
Dominant Trait
a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it
Recessive Trait
a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring
Nondisjunction
the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division
Mutation
a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused
by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering
, the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that
permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell,
organism, or population
Recombinant DNA
DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been inserted, either naturally or by
laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from another part of the same
molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription
The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template resulting in the transfer of
genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
Replication
the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA molecules, that
occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation
The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the production of a protein
molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled by the base
sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem
the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
Producer
An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other organisms in a food chain.
Producers include green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis, and certain
Correct Answers
Existing cells
Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment can support
without detrimental effects
Gamete
a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a
new organism.
Zygote
the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.
Embryo
the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early stages of development
within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square
a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of
grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
Phenotype
The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental influences.
Genotype
,the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set
of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele
any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for
hereditary variation.
Homozygous
having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics
Heterozygous
having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
Dominant Trait
a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it
Recessive Trait
a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring
Nondisjunction
the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division
Mutation
a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused
by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering
, the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that
permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell,
organism, or population
Recombinant DNA
DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been inserted, either naturally or by
laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from another part of the same
molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription
The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template resulting in the transfer of
genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
Replication
the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA molecules, that
occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation
The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the production of a protein
molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled by the base
sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem
the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
Producer
An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other organisms in a food chain.
Producers include green plants, which produce food through photosynthesis, and certain
