Study Guide for
CSEP CPT Theory
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** Question with Correct Answer
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,Define sagittal plane plane or section that divides a structure into right and left portions (aka medial
plane)
Define frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves (aka coronal plane)
Define transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions (aka horizontal plane)
Define proximal Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment. (opposite of distal)
Define distal away from the center of the body, origin, or point of attachment (opposite of
proximal)
What is the purpose of the skeletal system? The skeletal system performs vital functions — support, movement, protection,
blood cell production (by red bone marrow), calcium storage and endocrine
regulation — that enable us to survive.
how many bones in the skeletal system? 206 bones
Define axial skeleton 80 bones, forming the upright axis of the body (runs along the midline axis and is
made up of the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, ribs and sternum, vertebral
column)
Define appendicular skeleton 126 bones forming the appendages on the skeleton, arms, legs, hip and shoulder
girdles
What are the 5 types of bones? long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
Define long bones bones that are longer than they are wide
Define short bones often cubed or round in shape, carpal and tarsal bones
Define flat bones very flat bones, like cranium bones
Define irregular bones don't fit into the other categories, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
Define sesamoid bones Small oval bones that developed in or near tendons and function to protect
tendons from excessive wear (patella and pisiform bones)
Define synovial joint capsule that surrounds a joint that contains fluid & cartilage, allows for free range
of motion
, Define fibrous joints Joint held together by fiberous connective tissue, no movement allowed
Define cartilaginous joints joint where bone meets cartilage or where there is cartilage between two bones,
similar amount of flexibility as synovial joints due to the gel-like consistency of
cartilage
Define cardiac muscle The involuntary muscle that makes up the heart. Unique and not found in any
other part of the body. It is striated and has a crossing, banding pattern that
allows contraction and thus the beating of the heart. It is under the control of the
autonomic nervous system.
Define smooth muscle responsible for involuntary bodily functions, including the movement of food
through the digestive system and the enlargement and contraction of blood
vessels.
Define Skeletal muscle Voluntary muscle that pulls on the bones (tendons) of the skeleton which allows
us movement
Define sarcolemma plasma membrane of a muscle fiber and acts as a conductor for the
electrochemical signals that stimulate muscle cells
Define transverse tubules Transverse tubules are tubular extensions of the sarcolemma that extend deep
into the sarcoplasm contacting the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
Define sarcoplasmic reticulum serves as a storage facility for calcium ions (Ca2+) that are vital to muscle
contraction
Define mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP to fuel muscle contraction
Define myofibril - most of muscle fibre structures are made up of these
- contractile structures of the cell and are made up of many protein fibres
arranged into repeating subunits called sarcomeres (the functional unit of muscle
fibres)
Define Sarcomeres made up of two types of protein fibres
- thick filaments are made of bonded units of the protein myosin
- thin filaments are made of three proteins:
*actin (which contains myosin binding sites that allow myosin to connect to and
move actin during muscle contraction),
*tropomyosin (which wraps around actin, covering the myosin binding sites)
* troponin (which move tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites during
muscle contraction)
Define actin - a protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle
cells
- which contains myosin binding sites that allow myosin to connect to and move
actin during muscle contraction
Define tropomyosin - a protein involved in muscle contraction. It is related to myosin and occurs
together with troponin in the thin filaments of muscle tissue.
- which wraps around actin, covering the myosin binding sites
Define troponin - a globular protein complex involved in muscle contraction. It occurs with
tropomyosin in the thin filaments of muscle tissue.
- which move tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites during muscle
contraction
CSEP CPT Theory
** 100% Guaranteed Pass
** Expert-Verified Explanation
** Question with Correct Answer
** Latest Edition | Updated
,Define sagittal plane plane or section that divides a structure into right and left portions (aka medial
plane)
Define frontal plane divides the body into front and back halves (aka coronal plane)
Define transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions (aka horizontal plane)
Define proximal Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment. (opposite of distal)
Define distal away from the center of the body, origin, or point of attachment (opposite of
proximal)
What is the purpose of the skeletal system? The skeletal system performs vital functions — support, movement, protection,
blood cell production (by red bone marrow), calcium storage and endocrine
regulation — that enable us to survive.
how many bones in the skeletal system? 206 bones
Define axial skeleton 80 bones, forming the upright axis of the body (runs along the midline axis and is
made up of the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, ribs and sternum, vertebral
column)
Define appendicular skeleton 126 bones forming the appendages on the skeleton, arms, legs, hip and shoulder
girdles
What are the 5 types of bones? long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
Define long bones bones that are longer than they are wide
Define short bones often cubed or round in shape, carpal and tarsal bones
Define flat bones very flat bones, like cranium bones
Define irregular bones don't fit into the other categories, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
Define sesamoid bones Small oval bones that developed in or near tendons and function to protect
tendons from excessive wear (patella and pisiform bones)
Define synovial joint capsule that surrounds a joint that contains fluid & cartilage, allows for free range
of motion
, Define fibrous joints Joint held together by fiberous connective tissue, no movement allowed
Define cartilaginous joints joint where bone meets cartilage or where there is cartilage between two bones,
similar amount of flexibility as synovial joints due to the gel-like consistency of
cartilage
Define cardiac muscle The involuntary muscle that makes up the heart. Unique and not found in any
other part of the body. It is striated and has a crossing, banding pattern that
allows contraction and thus the beating of the heart. It is under the control of the
autonomic nervous system.
Define smooth muscle responsible for involuntary bodily functions, including the movement of food
through the digestive system and the enlargement and contraction of blood
vessels.
Define Skeletal muscle Voluntary muscle that pulls on the bones (tendons) of the skeleton which allows
us movement
Define sarcolemma plasma membrane of a muscle fiber and acts as a conductor for the
electrochemical signals that stimulate muscle cells
Define transverse tubules Transverse tubules are tubular extensions of the sarcolemma that extend deep
into the sarcoplasm contacting the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
Define sarcoplasmic reticulum serves as a storage facility for calcium ions (Ca2+) that are vital to muscle
contraction
Define mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP to fuel muscle contraction
Define myofibril - most of muscle fibre structures are made up of these
- contractile structures of the cell and are made up of many protein fibres
arranged into repeating subunits called sarcomeres (the functional unit of muscle
fibres)
Define Sarcomeres made up of two types of protein fibres
- thick filaments are made of bonded units of the protein myosin
- thin filaments are made of three proteins:
*actin (which contains myosin binding sites that allow myosin to connect to and
move actin during muscle contraction),
*tropomyosin (which wraps around actin, covering the myosin binding sites)
* troponin (which move tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites during
muscle contraction)
Define actin - a protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle
cells
- which contains myosin binding sites that allow myosin to connect to and move
actin during muscle contraction
Define tropomyosin - a protein involved in muscle contraction. It is related to myosin and occurs
together with troponin in the thin filaments of muscle tissue.
- which wraps around actin, covering the myosin binding sites
Define troponin - a globular protein complex involved in muscle contraction. It occurs with
tropomyosin in the thin filaments of muscle tissue.
- which move tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites during muscle
contraction
