What statute allows citizens to use force? - ANSWER > 505
What statute allows law enforcement to use force? - ANSWER > 508
Statute of Limitations - ANSWER > Time you were made aware of charges
What are the four types of culpability? - ANSWER > Intentionally
> Knowingly
> Recklessly
> Negligently
What is not a defense of culpability? (304) - ANSWER > Ignorance of the law
> Voluntary intoxication/drugged
What is a defense for culpability? - ANSWER > Duress
> Insanity
> Guilty but mentally ill
> Involuntary intoxication
What types of encounters does law enforcement have with the public? - ANSWER >
Mere encounter
> Investigatory detention
> Custodial detention/arrest
1
,What type of proof do you need for an investigatory detention? - ANSWER > Reasonable
suspicion
What type of proof do you need for a custodial detention? - ANSWER > Probable Cause
What are the three components of the Criminal Justice System? - ANSWER > Law en-
forcement
> Courts
> Corrections
Level of Government - ANSWER > Local/municipal
> County
> State
> Federal
Courts (court system) - ANSWER > Local (minor courts)
> Court of common pleas (appeals from minor cases)
> Commonwealth court (state court)
> Superior court
> Supreme court
> Federal court
Initial Appearance (preliminary arraignment) - ANSWER > Defendant is brought before a
judge to hear charges & a bail decision
Preliminary Hearing - ANSWER > show the court the prosecution has a "prima facie" case
(on the surface it warrants putting the defendant through a prosecution & using the state's
resources to pursue the matter)
2
, Formal Arraignment - ANSWER > Defendant hears charges to be tried & enters plea
> if plead guilty or solo contenders (no contest) may have a hearing to determine penalty or
may go immediately to sentencing stage
> defendant may plea "not guilty" then the case proceeds to next level
Common Pleas Court (criminal court) - ANSWER > Trial by jury
> Trials have two primary stages:
- presentation of prosecution
- presentation of defense, if defendant elects to do so
Bail - ANSWER > A bond to insure the appearance of the defendant in court if they are
not to be held in custody until trial
ROR ( released on recognizance) - ANSWER > Their word they will appear in court is their
bond
PA is the only state in which the grand jury has what? - ANSWER > No authority to indict
Pre-motion Trial - ANSWER > These motions may address the admissibility of evidence,
or venue changes
> In this stage the plea negotiations most likely will take place or diversionary programs such
as Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition
What are the three eras of policing? - ANSWER > Political era
> Reform era
> Community era
3
What statute allows law enforcement to use force? - ANSWER > 508
Statute of Limitations - ANSWER > Time you were made aware of charges
What are the four types of culpability? - ANSWER > Intentionally
> Knowingly
> Recklessly
> Negligently
What is not a defense of culpability? (304) - ANSWER > Ignorance of the law
> Voluntary intoxication/drugged
What is a defense for culpability? - ANSWER > Duress
> Insanity
> Guilty but mentally ill
> Involuntary intoxication
What types of encounters does law enforcement have with the public? - ANSWER >
Mere encounter
> Investigatory detention
> Custodial detention/arrest
1
,What type of proof do you need for an investigatory detention? - ANSWER > Reasonable
suspicion
What type of proof do you need for a custodial detention? - ANSWER > Probable Cause
What are the three components of the Criminal Justice System? - ANSWER > Law en-
forcement
> Courts
> Corrections
Level of Government - ANSWER > Local/municipal
> County
> State
> Federal
Courts (court system) - ANSWER > Local (minor courts)
> Court of common pleas (appeals from minor cases)
> Commonwealth court (state court)
> Superior court
> Supreme court
> Federal court
Initial Appearance (preliminary arraignment) - ANSWER > Defendant is brought before a
judge to hear charges & a bail decision
Preliminary Hearing - ANSWER > show the court the prosecution has a "prima facie" case
(on the surface it warrants putting the defendant through a prosecution & using the state's
resources to pursue the matter)
2
, Formal Arraignment - ANSWER > Defendant hears charges to be tried & enters plea
> if plead guilty or solo contenders (no contest) may have a hearing to determine penalty or
may go immediately to sentencing stage
> defendant may plea "not guilty" then the case proceeds to next level
Common Pleas Court (criminal court) - ANSWER > Trial by jury
> Trials have two primary stages:
- presentation of prosecution
- presentation of defense, if defendant elects to do so
Bail - ANSWER > A bond to insure the appearance of the defendant in court if they are
not to be held in custody until trial
ROR ( released on recognizance) - ANSWER > Their word they will appear in court is their
bond
PA is the only state in which the grand jury has what? - ANSWER > No authority to indict
Pre-motion Trial - ANSWER > These motions may address the admissibility of evidence,
or venue changes
> In this stage the plea negotiations most likely will take place or diversionary programs such
as Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition
What are the three eras of policing? - ANSWER > Political era
> Reform era
> Community era
3
