NURS8024 FINAL EXAM Prep study set 2-Questions
with complete solutions.
What is pharmacoeconomics?
The description and analysis of the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and society,
measuring and comparing costs and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services.
What are the three methods for evaluating treatment costs?
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), and humanistic (cost-utility)
analysis (CUA).
What does Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) evaluate?
The impact of an intervention, activity, or program on general society, including the economic
value of a life or productive years.
What is the formula for the Cost-Benefit Ratio?
Cost Benefit Ratio = Dollars of economic benefit / Dollar cost of program.
What is a common error in prescribing related to drug names?
Wrong drug name or confusing abbreviations.
What is a significant issue affecting patient compliance with medications?
Patients may not obtain medications due to cost, lack of communication, or premature
discontinuation.
What role does technology play in reducing prescribing errors?
Use of electronic medical records (EMR) and e-prescribing to ensure accurate medication orders.
,What should prescribers do if a patient exhibits suicidal ideation?
Limit prescriptions to no more than 7 days of any medication that can be lethal in overdose.
What is medication reconciliation?
An initiative to ensure medication accuracy as patients move across different care settings, such
as inpatient to outpatient.
What is the significance of patient education in medication adherence?
Building a trusting relationship, involving patients in their care plan, and providing clear
instructions can enhance adherence.
What is the primary focus of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)?
To compare similar treatments based on their outcomes and costs.
What are common reasons for medication errors in prescribing?
Illegible writing, incomplete directions, wrong or unspecified doses, and errors of omission.
What should prescribers consider regarding patient characteristics?
Age, comorbidities, clinical presentation of illness, and insurance formularies.
What is the purpose of patient education resources provided by the National Library of
Medicine?
To offer reliable information and support for patients regarding their medications and health.
What is the importance of understanding economic principles in prescribing?
,To recognize that all scarce items have a cost, and decision-makers choose purposefully to
maximize benefits.
What are some strategies to encourage patient adherence to medication?
Gradual changes, teaching the purpose and timing of medications, and considering literacy and
cultural beliefs.
What should be included in a rational prescribing process?
A specific diagnosis, therapeutic objectives, appropriate drug selection, dosing regimen, and
monitoring plans.
What is the role of pharmaceutical companies in the prescribing process?
Marketing to the public and providers, providing literature, and offering drug samples, while
raising ethical concerns.
What are the implications of drug-seeking behavior for prescribers?
It may involve over-reporting symptoms, multiple prescriptions from different providers, and
pressure to prescribe.
What is the significance of patient compliance in medication management?
Non-compliance can lead to treatment failure and increased healthcare costs.
What is the impact of economic issues on patient medication adherence?
Patients may not fill prescriptions due to cost, leading to gaps in treatment and health outcomes.
What is the role of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices?
, To provide resources that identify confusing drug names and abbreviations to avoid in
prescribing.
What should prescribers do to document rationale for 'off label' prescribing?
Clearly document the reasons for using a drug outside its approved indications.
What is the first step in the drug development process?
Identification of chemical compounds through in vitro testing.
What does INDA stand for?
Investigational New Drug Application.
What is the purpose of Phase I clinical trials?
To assess the safety and dosage of a drug.
What is the primary goal of Phase II clinical trials?
To evaluate the effectiveness of the drug.
What is the focus of Phase III clinical trials?
To confirm effectiveness, monitor side effects, and compare with standard treatments.
What does NDA stand for?
New Drug Application.
What is post-marketing surveillance?
Monitoring the safety and effectiveness of a drug after it has been approved for consumer use.
What is the Orphan Drug Act of 1983?
with complete solutions.
What is pharmacoeconomics?
The description and analysis of the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and society,
measuring and comparing costs and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services.
What are the three methods for evaluating treatment costs?
Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), and humanistic (cost-utility)
analysis (CUA).
What does Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) evaluate?
The impact of an intervention, activity, or program on general society, including the economic
value of a life or productive years.
What is the formula for the Cost-Benefit Ratio?
Cost Benefit Ratio = Dollars of economic benefit / Dollar cost of program.
What is a common error in prescribing related to drug names?
Wrong drug name or confusing abbreviations.
What is a significant issue affecting patient compliance with medications?
Patients may not obtain medications due to cost, lack of communication, or premature
discontinuation.
What role does technology play in reducing prescribing errors?
Use of electronic medical records (EMR) and e-prescribing to ensure accurate medication orders.
,What should prescribers do if a patient exhibits suicidal ideation?
Limit prescriptions to no more than 7 days of any medication that can be lethal in overdose.
What is medication reconciliation?
An initiative to ensure medication accuracy as patients move across different care settings, such
as inpatient to outpatient.
What is the significance of patient education in medication adherence?
Building a trusting relationship, involving patients in their care plan, and providing clear
instructions can enhance adherence.
What is the primary focus of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)?
To compare similar treatments based on their outcomes and costs.
What are common reasons for medication errors in prescribing?
Illegible writing, incomplete directions, wrong or unspecified doses, and errors of omission.
What should prescribers consider regarding patient characteristics?
Age, comorbidities, clinical presentation of illness, and insurance formularies.
What is the purpose of patient education resources provided by the National Library of
Medicine?
To offer reliable information and support for patients regarding their medications and health.
What is the importance of understanding economic principles in prescribing?
,To recognize that all scarce items have a cost, and decision-makers choose purposefully to
maximize benefits.
What are some strategies to encourage patient adherence to medication?
Gradual changes, teaching the purpose and timing of medications, and considering literacy and
cultural beliefs.
What should be included in a rational prescribing process?
A specific diagnosis, therapeutic objectives, appropriate drug selection, dosing regimen, and
monitoring plans.
What is the role of pharmaceutical companies in the prescribing process?
Marketing to the public and providers, providing literature, and offering drug samples, while
raising ethical concerns.
What are the implications of drug-seeking behavior for prescribers?
It may involve over-reporting symptoms, multiple prescriptions from different providers, and
pressure to prescribe.
What is the significance of patient compliance in medication management?
Non-compliance can lead to treatment failure and increased healthcare costs.
What is the impact of economic issues on patient medication adherence?
Patients may not fill prescriptions due to cost, leading to gaps in treatment and health outcomes.
What is the role of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices?
, To provide resources that identify confusing drug names and abbreviations to avoid in
prescribing.
What should prescribers do to document rationale for 'off label' prescribing?
Clearly document the reasons for using a drug outside its approved indications.
What is the first step in the drug development process?
Identification of chemical compounds through in vitro testing.
What does INDA stand for?
Investigational New Drug Application.
What is the purpose of Phase I clinical trials?
To assess the safety and dosage of a drug.
What is the primary goal of Phase II clinical trials?
To evaluate the effectiveness of the drug.
What is the focus of Phase III clinical trials?
To confirm effectiveness, monitor side effects, and compare with standard treatments.
What does NDA stand for?
New Drug Application.
What is post-marketing surveillance?
Monitoring the safety and effectiveness of a drug after it has been approved for consumer use.
What is the Orphan Drug Act of 1983?
