OD 515 Quiz 1 Questions Exam 1 with complete
solutions.
How does carbon's bonding capacity and geometry enable the formation of diverse
functional groups?
Carbon is the central atom and forms four bonds
How do functional groups influence the chemical behavior of biomolecules?
Polarity, charge, and bonding influence chemical behavior
How can functional groups be identified based on structure?
atoms, bond patterns
Things to know about Carbon
- Makes up more than half the dry weight of cells
- Forms four covalent bonds w/ C, H, O, and N
- Single bonds allow rotation
- Double bonds or triple bonds are shorter, more rigid
What structures can covalently linked C atoms form in biomolecules?
Linear chains, branched chains, and cyclic structures
Examples of biomolecule families
Alcohols, Amines, Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
How do the arrangements of functional groups influence the chemical "personality" of a
compound?
, The disposition of functional groups determines the chemical characteristics and reactions of the
compound, and biomolecules are polyfunctional containing two or more types of functional
groups
How does the plasma membrane selectively control the movement of small metabolites?
Permeability
Why are central metabolites compartmentalized and regulated within cells?
Regulation and efficiency
What role do specific membrane transporters play in metabolite movement?
Gradients, pump, and selective movement
What is the metabolome?
The collection of small organic molecules in cells
Why are these metabolites trapped inside the cell?
- The plasma membrane is impermeable to them
- Some can be moved in and out via specific membrane transporters
What are secondary metabolites?
Small molecules that are specific to certain types of cells or organisms; ex- morphine, quinine,
nicotine, and caffeine
What are categories of macromolecules?
Large polymers including proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
solutions.
How does carbon's bonding capacity and geometry enable the formation of diverse
functional groups?
Carbon is the central atom and forms four bonds
How do functional groups influence the chemical behavior of biomolecules?
Polarity, charge, and bonding influence chemical behavior
How can functional groups be identified based on structure?
atoms, bond patterns
Things to know about Carbon
- Makes up more than half the dry weight of cells
- Forms four covalent bonds w/ C, H, O, and N
- Single bonds allow rotation
- Double bonds or triple bonds are shorter, more rigid
What structures can covalently linked C atoms form in biomolecules?
Linear chains, branched chains, and cyclic structures
Examples of biomolecule families
Alcohols, Amines, Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
How do the arrangements of functional groups influence the chemical "personality" of a
compound?
, The disposition of functional groups determines the chemical characteristics and reactions of the
compound, and biomolecules are polyfunctional containing two or more types of functional
groups
How does the plasma membrane selectively control the movement of small metabolites?
Permeability
Why are central metabolites compartmentalized and regulated within cells?
Regulation and efficiency
What role do specific membrane transporters play in metabolite movement?
Gradients, pump, and selective movement
What is the metabolome?
The collection of small organic molecules in cells
Why are these metabolites trapped inside the cell?
- The plasma membrane is impermeable to them
- Some can be moved in and out via specific membrane transporters
What are secondary metabolites?
Small molecules that are specific to certain types of cells or organisms; ex- morphine, quinine,
nicotine, and caffeine
What are categories of macromolecules?
Large polymers including proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
