NSG 214 – Midterm Exam and All
Actual Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
assessment - Answer collection of subjective and objective data about a patient's health
subjective data - Answer consist of information provided by the patient
objective data - Answer information obtained by health care provider through observation
and inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during physical examination
database - Answer totality of information available about patient, including subjective,
objective, medical record, and laboratory studies
purpose of assessment - Answer to make a judgement of diagnosis
diagnostic reasoning - Answer process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to
identify diagnoses
4 components of diagnostic reasoning - Answer - attending to available cues: signs,
symptoms, or laboratory data
- formulating diagnostic
hypotheses: tentative explanations for cues and serve as basis for further investigation
- gathering data: relative to tentative hypothesis
- evaluating each hypothesis with new data collected leading to final diagnosis
Nursing process - Answer 1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Outcome identification
4. Planning
5. Implementation
6. Evaluation
,nursing process - assessment - Answer collect data by review of clinical record, interview
patient, health history, physical examination, functional assessment, cultural and/or spiritual
assessment, consultation, review of literature
nursing process - diagnosis - Answer interpret data (clusters of cues & make inferences),
validate inferences, compare clusters of cues with definitions and defining characteristics,
identify related factors, document the diagnosis
nursing process - outcome identification - Answer Identify expected outcomes, individualize
to the person, ensure outcomes are realistic and measurable, include time frame
nursing process - planning - Answer establish priorities, develop outcomes, set time frames
for outcomes, identify interventions, document plan of care
nursing process - implementation - Answer determine patient readiness, review planned
interventions, collaborate with other team members, supervise by delegating appropriate
responsibilities, counsel person and significant others, involve person in health care, refer for
continuing care, document care provided
nursing process - evaluation - Answer refer to established outcomes, evaluate individual's
condition and compare actual outcomes with expected outcomes, summarize results of
evaluation, identify reasons for failure to achieve expected outcomes, take corrective action to
modify plan of care, document evaluation in plan of care
novice nurse - Answer has no experience with specific patient populations and uses rules to
guide performance and achieve competency
proficient nurse - Answer understands a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of
tasks, attends to an assessment data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it
expert nurse - Answer has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and zeroes in on the
accurate solution
critical thinking - Answer - multidimensional thinking process needed for sound diagnostic
reasoning and clinical judgement
- relevant info should be identified, clinical cues gathered, assessment completed and priorities
considered
risk diagnosis - Answer identify actual and potential risks from full list of both medical and
nursing assessment data
, first-level priority problem - Answer Emergent, life threatening, and immediate, such as
establishing an airway of supporting breathing
second level priority problem - Answer are those that are next in urgency—those requiring
prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration, for example, mental status change, acute
pain, acute urinary elimination problems, untreated medical problems, abnormal laboratory
values, risks of infection, or risk to safety or security
third level priority problem - Answer Important to the patient's health but can be addressed
after more urgent health problems are addressed such as lack of knowledge or family coping
collaborative problems - Answer certain physiologic conditions in which the approach to
treatment involves multiple disciplines
evidence based practice - Answer systematic approach to practice that uses research
evidence, clinical expertise, clinician knowledge, and patient's preferences and values to make
decisions about care and treatment
4 types of databases - Answer 1) complete (total history) includes health history, full physical
examination, yielding 1st diagnoses
2) focused (problem-centered) for limited or short term problem, smaller in scope and more
targeted
3) follow-up evaluates status of any identified problem at regular intervals to f/u on short term
and chronic health problems
4) emergency calls for rapid collection of crucial data, often occurs while performing lifesaving
measures
holistic health model - Answer assess whole person bc it views the mind, body, and spirit as
interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment
health promotion and disease prevention - Answer Involve changing people's unhealthy
behaviors through a set of positive acts. The focus is on teaching and helping the consumer
choose a healthier lifestyle
characteristics of culture - Answer 1. learned from birth through language acquisition and
socialization
Actual Answers 2026-2027 Updated.
assessment - Answer collection of subjective and objective data about a patient's health
subjective data - Answer consist of information provided by the patient
objective data - Answer information obtained by health care provider through observation
and inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during physical examination
database - Answer totality of information available about patient, including subjective,
objective, medical record, and laboratory studies
purpose of assessment - Answer to make a judgement of diagnosis
diagnostic reasoning - Answer process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to
identify diagnoses
4 components of diagnostic reasoning - Answer - attending to available cues: signs,
symptoms, or laboratory data
- formulating diagnostic
hypotheses: tentative explanations for cues and serve as basis for further investigation
- gathering data: relative to tentative hypothesis
- evaluating each hypothesis with new data collected leading to final diagnosis
Nursing process - Answer 1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Outcome identification
4. Planning
5. Implementation
6. Evaluation
,nursing process - assessment - Answer collect data by review of clinical record, interview
patient, health history, physical examination, functional assessment, cultural and/or spiritual
assessment, consultation, review of literature
nursing process - diagnosis - Answer interpret data (clusters of cues & make inferences),
validate inferences, compare clusters of cues with definitions and defining characteristics,
identify related factors, document the diagnosis
nursing process - outcome identification - Answer Identify expected outcomes, individualize
to the person, ensure outcomes are realistic and measurable, include time frame
nursing process - planning - Answer establish priorities, develop outcomes, set time frames
for outcomes, identify interventions, document plan of care
nursing process - implementation - Answer determine patient readiness, review planned
interventions, collaborate with other team members, supervise by delegating appropriate
responsibilities, counsel person and significant others, involve person in health care, refer for
continuing care, document care provided
nursing process - evaluation - Answer refer to established outcomes, evaluate individual's
condition and compare actual outcomes with expected outcomes, summarize results of
evaluation, identify reasons for failure to achieve expected outcomes, take corrective action to
modify plan of care, document evaluation in plan of care
novice nurse - Answer has no experience with specific patient populations and uses rules to
guide performance and achieve competency
proficient nurse - Answer understands a patient situation as a whole rather than as a list of
tasks, attends to an assessment data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it
expert nurse - Answer has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and zeroes in on the
accurate solution
critical thinking - Answer - multidimensional thinking process needed for sound diagnostic
reasoning and clinical judgement
- relevant info should be identified, clinical cues gathered, assessment completed and priorities
considered
risk diagnosis - Answer identify actual and potential risks from full list of both medical and
nursing assessment data
, first-level priority problem - Answer Emergent, life threatening, and immediate, such as
establishing an airway of supporting breathing
second level priority problem - Answer are those that are next in urgency—those requiring
prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration, for example, mental status change, acute
pain, acute urinary elimination problems, untreated medical problems, abnormal laboratory
values, risks of infection, or risk to safety or security
third level priority problem - Answer Important to the patient's health but can be addressed
after more urgent health problems are addressed such as lack of knowledge or family coping
collaborative problems - Answer certain physiologic conditions in which the approach to
treatment involves multiple disciplines
evidence based practice - Answer systematic approach to practice that uses research
evidence, clinical expertise, clinician knowledge, and patient's preferences and values to make
decisions about care and treatment
4 types of databases - Answer 1) complete (total history) includes health history, full physical
examination, yielding 1st diagnoses
2) focused (problem-centered) for limited or short term problem, smaller in scope and more
targeted
3) follow-up evaluates status of any identified problem at regular intervals to f/u on short term
and chronic health problems
4) emergency calls for rapid collection of crucial data, often occurs while performing lifesaving
measures
holistic health model - Answer assess whole person bc it views the mind, body, and spirit as
interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment
health promotion and disease prevention - Answer Involve changing people's unhealthy
behaviors through a set of positive acts. The focus is on teaching and helping the consumer
choose a healthier lifestyle
characteristics of culture - Answer 1. learned from birth through language acquisition and
socialization
