MSK | GUARANTEED SUCCESS STARTS HERE! LEARN,
PRACTICE & EXCEL!
3 types of muscle Answer: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal muscle Answer: primarily attached to bones
smooth muscle Answer: blood vessel walls, surround hollow organs, iris of the eye
striated muscles Answer: cardiac and skeletal
bones function Answer: provide protection and support, repository for minerals (calcium and
phosphorus)
Osetoblasts Answer: bone forming cells
osteoclasts Answer: break down bones
increased risk for fractures Answer: smoking
obesity
age
steroids
excessive alcohol, caffeine, carbonated drinks
eating disorders
hyperthyroid
hyperparathyroidism
transverse fracture Answer: directly accorss
oblique fracture Answer: diagonal
proximal Answer: closest to the point of attachment
spiral fracture Answer: a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
comminuted fracture Answer: fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
mess
segmental fracture Answer: a piece of the shaft is separated by proximal and distal fracture
lines
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, impacted fracture Answer: broken bone ends are forced into each other
open fracture Answer: compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound, at risk for
osteomyelitis, cellulitis
cellulitis Answer: any skin infection
closed fractures Answer: does not break the skin
bone healing phases Answer: 1. inflammatory (hematoma formation)
2. reparative: clotting factors move in (fibrocartilagenous and bony callus formation)
3. remodeling
is bone vascular Answer: yes, highly vascular!
what slows down bone healing by slowing down re-vascularazation? Answer: DM
older age
bone realignments Answer: reduction and fixation
reduction Answer: closed: pulling on bone to realign
open: OR
fixation Answer: internal: plates and screws inside the body
external: screws and bracing, non-weight baring. worst case
fracture complications Answer: blood loss
nerve damage
nonunion or malunion
infection (cellulitis, joint infection, osteomyelitis)
thromboemboli (DVT, PE r/t immobilization)
fat embolism
compartment syndrome
fracture blister
non-union Answer: fracture not healing as expected
happens primarily in older adults and people with DM
blood loss from fracture Answer: happens most often with pelvic fracture/anything proximal
fracture blisters Answer: related to edema and tissue trauma
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
PRACTICE & EXCEL!
3 types of muscle Answer: skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal muscle Answer: primarily attached to bones
smooth muscle Answer: blood vessel walls, surround hollow organs, iris of the eye
striated muscles Answer: cardiac and skeletal
bones function Answer: provide protection and support, repository for minerals (calcium and
phosphorus)
Osetoblasts Answer: bone forming cells
osteoclasts Answer: break down bones
increased risk for fractures Answer: smoking
obesity
age
steroids
excessive alcohol, caffeine, carbonated drinks
eating disorders
hyperthyroid
hyperparathyroidism
transverse fracture Answer: directly accorss
oblique fracture Answer: diagonal
proximal Answer: closest to the point of attachment
spiral fracture Answer: a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
comminuted fracture Answer: fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
mess
segmental fracture Answer: a piece of the shaft is separated by proximal and distal fracture
lines
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, impacted fracture Answer: broken bone ends are forced into each other
open fracture Answer: compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound, at risk for
osteomyelitis, cellulitis
cellulitis Answer: any skin infection
closed fractures Answer: does not break the skin
bone healing phases Answer: 1. inflammatory (hematoma formation)
2. reparative: clotting factors move in (fibrocartilagenous and bony callus formation)
3. remodeling
is bone vascular Answer: yes, highly vascular!
what slows down bone healing by slowing down re-vascularazation? Answer: DM
older age
bone realignments Answer: reduction and fixation
reduction Answer: closed: pulling on bone to realign
open: OR
fixation Answer: internal: plates and screws inside the body
external: screws and bracing, non-weight baring. worst case
fracture complications Answer: blood loss
nerve damage
nonunion or malunion
infection (cellulitis, joint infection, osteomyelitis)
thromboemboli (DVT, PE r/t immobilization)
fat embolism
compartment syndrome
fracture blister
non-union Answer: fracture not healing as expected
happens primarily in older adults and people with DM
blood loss from fracture Answer: happens most often with pelvic fracture/anything proximal
fracture blisters Answer: related to edema and tissue trauma
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
