NU 327 Patho Exam 4 Study Guide with answers,

NU 327 Patho Exam 4 Study Guide with
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answers
with diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus there is increase risk of -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Heart disease |\ |\ |\




|\ End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
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|\ Blindness
|\ Amputation
|\ Pregnancy complications |\




Glucose - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-broken down carbohydrates
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for energy.
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-form of sugar the body uses
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-important for brain function |\ |\ |\




-is produced by:
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Glycogen stores in muscles and liver
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Amino acids and lactate|\ |\ |\




-is supplied to blood stream by GI tract and liver
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-enters cell through diffusion and semipermeable membrane
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Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-hormone produced by alpha
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cells of pancreas.
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-Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver
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,-helps breakdown stored glycogen
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Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-carbohydrate consists of
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glucose produced in muscle and liver from stored glucose
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-storage form of excess glucose |\ |\ |\ |\




Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-hormone produced by beta cells
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of pancreas.
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-Energy metabolism |\




-stimulates the diffusion of glucose into adipose and muscle tissue
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and inhibits the production of glucose by the liver
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-glucose can't enter cell without it
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-requirements are 1.0 unit per Kg per day for kida and adults |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔breakdown of sugar so cells
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can use |\




Glycogenolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔production of glucose |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



from breakdown of glycogen in liver and muscle tissue
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Glycogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔production of glycogen |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



from glucose in liver in muscle tissue
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,Gluconeogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔production of glucose|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



from amino acids in liver
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liver and muscles - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Handles:
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▫Glycogen
▫Glycogenesis
▫Glycogenolysis
▫Gluconeogenesis
-all processes that breakdown or buildup sugar happen here
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-problems with this organ = problems with blood sugar
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Pancreas - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Handles:
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▫Insulin
▫Glucagon


diabetes mellitus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-affects utilization of
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ALL energy
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-cuases problems with all nutrients
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Glucose and fats - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔human energy
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Glucose is produced by: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Glycogen
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stores in muscles and liver
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, -Amino acids and lactate
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Glucose is supplied to the blood stream by - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔GI tract and liver
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Glucose enters the cells through - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔diffusion and semipermeable membrane |\ |\ |\




insulin receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Heart, adipose, and
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skeletal muscle possess them
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Hormonal Regulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔•Protein and fat
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metabolism are regulated by the effects of insulin
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•Insulin is synthesized in pancreas in Beta cells of the islets of
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Langerhans


•Normal glucose metabolism is describe as fed and fasting state
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(absorptive and post absorptive) |\ |\ |\




Fed State - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-dominated by insulin
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-builds up glycogen stores
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▫After eating, rise in blood glucose and insulin
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