NICU RN A V1 SET CORE MAIN EXAMS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Normal neonatal compliance - ✔✔2.5 - 5 mL/cmH2O
✔✔Normal neonatal RAW: - ✔✔20 - 30 cmH2O/L/sec
✔✔IRDS is the same as: - ✔✔infant RDS
✔✔Paw is the same as: - ✔✔Mean Airway Pressure (MAP)
✔✔Which vent needs a CMV in tandem? - ✔✔Jet
✔✔Why does the jet vent need to be used with a CMV? - ✔✔to supply occasional
sighs, provides PEEP, and provides continuous flow of gas
✔✔What is inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) used to treat? - ✔✔PPHN
✔✔iNO is a pulmonary vasodilator and produced in ________ cells (colorless gas) -
✔✔endothelial
✔✔What is the starting dose for iNO? - ✔✔20 ppm with optimal lung inflation and
cardiovascular support
✔✔When should you taper the dose down with iNO? What is the dose? - ✔✔once
sustained improvement of oxygenation and reduced vent support; 5 ppm
✔✔What is the Oxygen Index (OI) that indicates iNO? - ✔✔OI > 15
✔✔What is the Oxygen Index (OI) that indicates ECMO? - ✔✔OI of 30
,✔✔GA PaO2 ranges: - ✔✔Preemies: 50 70 mmHg
Term: 60-80 mmHg
Pediatrics: 80-100 mmHg
✔✔normal neonatal heart rate - ✔✔120-160 bpm
✔✔Intestinal ischemia due to asphyxia, PDA, hypotension, hypovolemia, hypothermia,
umbilical line, polycythemia, exchange transfusion, severe distress, bacterial
colonization of the intestinal tract, and enteral feedings - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis
(NEC)
✔✔-abdominal distention and tenderness
-bloody stools and gastric residuals
-vomiting/spitting—bilious emesis
-visible loops of bowel
-absent or decreased bowel sounds
all indicate what? - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
✔✔x ray shows free air in the abdomen-bowel perforation - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis
(NEC)
✔✔-leukocytosis or leukopenia
-thrombocytopenia
-electrolyte imbalance
-metabolic imbalance
-hypoxia, hypercapnia
-blood in stools
-carbohydrate malabsorption
-DIC
are lab findings for what disease? - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
✔✔Non-surgical treatment for NEC include: - ✔✔-NPO (stop feedings)
-CBCD
-circulatory support-FFP, Dopamine, Dobutamine, and platelets
-OG for gastric decompression
-IV antibiotics
-frequent KUB x rays
-heme stool studies
-respiratory and ventilator support as needed
-frequent CBCs and electrolytes to evaluate for thrombocytopenia and electrolyte
imbalance
✔✔If medical management of NEC isn't possible, what is the next step? - ✔✔surgery;
resection of obvious necrotic bowel and creation stomas
, ✔✔R > L PDA blood flow - ✔✔RV > PA > DA > AO (bypassing lungs)
✔✔-persistent fetal circulation
-postnatal-PPHN (usually terminfants) - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔PDA lest likely to respond positively to oxygen - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔PDA that bypasses lungs; worsens hypoxia and hypercarbia which further inhibits
PDA closure - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔R > L PDA results in high RA pressures which keep ________ open - ✔✔foramen
ovale
✔✔PDA that can eventually cause right heart failure (cor pulmonale) - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔L > R PDA blood flow - ✔✔AO > DA > PA (re-perfusion of the lungs)
✔✔PDA seen in preemies
-50-80 % incidence of having PDA - ✔✔L > R PDA
✔✔PDA that usually responds to oxygen and increases blood volume returning to lungs
- ✔✔L > R PDA
✔✔PDA that can lead to pulmonary edema and cause less tissue perfusion - ✔✔L > R
PDA
✔✔a _____ might be a Necessary defect with other cardiac diseases as the only way to
get oxygenated blood to the body - ✔✔PDA
✔✔Diagnosis of ompahlocele prenatally by: - ✔✔-ultrasound
-postnatally by exam
✔✔Diagnosis of gastroschisis prenatally by: - ✔✔-ultrasound
-postnatally by exam
✔✔RT care for abdominal wall defects: - ✔✔-MV for pain management and resulting
CNS depression
✔✔Failure of the esophagus and trachea to separate during fetal development -
✔✔TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA (TEF)
✔✔Proximal esophagus is interrupted ending in a blind pouch and/or a second
connection to the trachea - ✔✔TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA (TEF)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Normal neonatal compliance - ✔✔2.5 - 5 mL/cmH2O
✔✔Normal neonatal RAW: - ✔✔20 - 30 cmH2O/L/sec
✔✔IRDS is the same as: - ✔✔infant RDS
✔✔Paw is the same as: - ✔✔Mean Airway Pressure (MAP)
✔✔Which vent needs a CMV in tandem? - ✔✔Jet
✔✔Why does the jet vent need to be used with a CMV? - ✔✔to supply occasional
sighs, provides PEEP, and provides continuous flow of gas
✔✔What is inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) used to treat? - ✔✔PPHN
✔✔iNO is a pulmonary vasodilator and produced in ________ cells (colorless gas) -
✔✔endothelial
✔✔What is the starting dose for iNO? - ✔✔20 ppm with optimal lung inflation and
cardiovascular support
✔✔When should you taper the dose down with iNO? What is the dose? - ✔✔once
sustained improvement of oxygenation and reduced vent support; 5 ppm
✔✔What is the Oxygen Index (OI) that indicates iNO? - ✔✔OI > 15
✔✔What is the Oxygen Index (OI) that indicates ECMO? - ✔✔OI of 30
,✔✔GA PaO2 ranges: - ✔✔Preemies: 50 70 mmHg
Term: 60-80 mmHg
Pediatrics: 80-100 mmHg
✔✔normal neonatal heart rate - ✔✔120-160 bpm
✔✔Intestinal ischemia due to asphyxia, PDA, hypotension, hypovolemia, hypothermia,
umbilical line, polycythemia, exchange transfusion, severe distress, bacterial
colonization of the intestinal tract, and enteral feedings - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis
(NEC)
✔✔-abdominal distention and tenderness
-bloody stools and gastric residuals
-vomiting/spitting—bilious emesis
-visible loops of bowel
-absent or decreased bowel sounds
all indicate what? - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
✔✔x ray shows free air in the abdomen-bowel perforation - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis
(NEC)
✔✔-leukocytosis or leukopenia
-thrombocytopenia
-electrolyte imbalance
-metabolic imbalance
-hypoxia, hypercapnia
-blood in stools
-carbohydrate malabsorption
-DIC
are lab findings for what disease? - ✔✔Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
✔✔Non-surgical treatment for NEC include: - ✔✔-NPO (stop feedings)
-CBCD
-circulatory support-FFP, Dopamine, Dobutamine, and platelets
-OG for gastric decompression
-IV antibiotics
-frequent KUB x rays
-heme stool studies
-respiratory and ventilator support as needed
-frequent CBCs and electrolytes to evaluate for thrombocytopenia and electrolyte
imbalance
✔✔If medical management of NEC isn't possible, what is the next step? - ✔✔surgery;
resection of obvious necrotic bowel and creation stomas
, ✔✔R > L PDA blood flow - ✔✔RV > PA > DA > AO (bypassing lungs)
✔✔-persistent fetal circulation
-postnatal-PPHN (usually terminfants) - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔PDA lest likely to respond positively to oxygen - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔PDA that bypasses lungs; worsens hypoxia and hypercarbia which further inhibits
PDA closure - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔R > L PDA results in high RA pressures which keep ________ open - ✔✔foramen
ovale
✔✔PDA that can eventually cause right heart failure (cor pulmonale) - ✔✔R > L PDA
✔✔L > R PDA blood flow - ✔✔AO > DA > PA (re-perfusion of the lungs)
✔✔PDA seen in preemies
-50-80 % incidence of having PDA - ✔✔L > R PDA
✔✔PDA that usually responds to oxygen and increases blood volume returning to lungs
- ✔✔L > R PDA
✔✔PDA that can lead to pulmonary edema and cause less tissue perfusion - ✔✔L > R
PDA
✔✔a _____ might be a Necessary defect with other cardiac diseases as the only way to
get oxygenated blood to the body - ✔✔PDA
✔✔Diagnosis of ompahlocele prenatally by: - ✔✔-ultrasound
-postnatally by exam
✔✔Diagnosis of gastroschisis prenatally by: - ✔✔-ultrasound
-postnatally by exam
✔✔RT care for abdominal wall defects: - ✔✔-MV for pain management and resulting
CNS depression
✔✔Failure of the esophagus and trachea to separate during fetal development -
✔✔TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA (TEF)
✔✔Proximal esophagus is interrupted ending in a blind pouch and/or a second
connection to the trachea - ✔✔TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA (TEF)
