Learning Assignments ETX 10 Ultimate Exam
**Question 1.** Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end reliability and flow control?
A) Physical
B) Data Link
C) Transport
D) Session
Answer: C
Explanation: The Transport layer (Layer 4) provides reliability, sequencing, and flow control (e.g., TCP).
**Question 2.** In a Zero Trust Architecture, which principle is most critical for network access?
A) Implicit trust for internal traffic
B) Default deny for all connections
C) Open ports for convenience
D) Trust based on IP address ranges
Answer: B
Explanation: Zero Trust adopts a “never trust, always verify” stance, denying all traffic unless explicitly
allowed.
**Question 3.** Which firewall rule type inspects packet payloads to block known attack signatures?
A) Stateless filtering
B) NAT rule
C) Deep packet inspection (DPI)
D) Port forwarding
Answer: C
Explanation: DPI examines the payload content, allowing detection of signatures beyond header
information.
**Question 4.** An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) differs from an IDS primarily because it:
A) Only logs events
B) Actively blocks malicious traffic
, Learning Assignments ETX 10 Ultimate Exam
C) Works at the physical layer only
D) Requires manual rule updates
Answer: B
Explanation: An IPS can automatically drop or reject traffic that matches attack signatures, whereas an
IDS only alerts.
**Question 5.** Which of the following is a characteristic of a NoSQL document database?
A) Fixed schema tables
B) ACID transactions only
C) JSON-like storage of semi-structured data
D) Relational joins as primary query method
Answer: C
Explanation: Document stores (e.g., MongoDB) keep data as JSON/BSON documents, allowing flexible
schemas.
**Question 6.** In relational databases, which index type is most efficient for range queries on a
numeric column?
A) Hash index
B) B-tree index
C) Bitmap index
D) Full-text index
Answer: B
Explanation: B-tree indexes maintain sorted order, supporting efficient range scans.
**Question 7.** The ETL process that transforms data by aggregating daily sales into monthly totals is
an example of:
A) Extraction
B) Loading
C) Transformation
D) Validation
, Learning Assignments ETX 10 Ultimate Exam
Answer: C
Explanation: Data is changed (aggregated) during the transformation phase before loading into the
warehouse.
**Question 8.** Which cloud deployment model combines on-premises resources with public cloud
services?
A) Public cloud only
B) Private cloud only
C) Hybrid cloud
D) Community cloud
Answer: C
Explanation: Hybrid cloud integrates internal infrastructure with external public-cloud resources.
**Question 9.** Docker containers share the host’s:
A) Kernel
B) BIOS
C) Physical hardware drivers
D) Hypervisor
Answer: A
Explanation: Containers run as isolated processes on the host OS kernel, unlike VMs that emulate
hardware.
**Question 10.** In Kubernetes, the object that ensures a specified number of pod replicas are running
is called:
A) Service
B) Deployment
C) ConfigMap
D) Ingress
Answer: B
Explanation: A Deployment declares the desired replica count and manages pod lifecycle.
, Learning Assignments ETX 10 Ultimate Exam
**Question 11.** Serverless functions such as AWS Lambda are billed primarily based on:
A) Number of virtual machines provisioned
B) CPU cores allocated per hour
C) Execution duration and memory used
D) Fixed monthly subscription
Answer: C
Explanation: Serverless pricing is metered per millisecond of execution and the amount of memory
allocated.
**Question 12.** In Scrum, which event is used to refine the product backlog and clarify upcoming
work?
A) Sprint Review
B) Sprint Retrospective
C) Backlog Grooming (Refinement)
D) Daily Stand-up
Answer: C
Explanation: Backlog grooming (or refinement) is the meeting where items are detailed, estimated, and
prioritized.
**Question 13.** Kanban limits work-in-progress (WIP) to:
A) Increase multitasking
B) Reduce cycle time and improve flow
C) Ensure all tasks start simultaneously
D) Allow unlimited parallel work
Answer: B
Explanation: WIP limits prevent overload, leading to faster completion and clearer bottlenecks.
**Question 14.** Which risk mitigation technique involves creating a secondary system that can take
over if the primary fails?
**Question 1.** Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end reliability and flow control?
A) Physical
B) Data Link
C) Transport
D) Session
Answer: C
Explanation: The Transport layer (Layer 4) provides reliability, sequencing, and flow control (e.g., TCP).
**Question 2.** In a Zero Trust Architecture, which principle is most critical for network access?
A) Implicit trust for internal traffic
B) Default deny for all connections
C) Open ports for convenience
D) Trust based on IP address ranges
Answer: B
Explanation: Zero Trust adopts a “never trust, always verify” stance, denying all traffic unless explicitly
allowed.
**Question 3.** Which firewall rule type inspects packet payloads to block known attack signatures?
A) Stateless filtering
B) NAT rule
C) Deep packet inspection (DPI)
D) Port forwarding
Answer: C
Explanation: DPI examines the payload content, allowing detection of signatures beyond header
information.
**Question 4.** An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) differs from an IDS primarily because it:
A) Only logs events
B) Actively blocks malicious traffic
, Learning Assignments ETX 10 Ultimate Exam
C) Works at the physical layer only
D) Requires manual rule updates
Answer: B
Explanation: An IPS can automatically drop or reject traffic that matches attack signatures, whereas an
IDS only alerts.
**Question 5.** Which of the following is a characteristic of a NoSQL document database?
A) Fixed schema tables
B) ACID transactions only
C) JSON-like storage of semi-structured data
D) Relational joins as primary query method
Answer: C
Explanation: Document stores (e.g., MongoDB) keep data as JSON/BSON documents, allowing flexible
schemas.
**Question 6.** In relational databases, which index type is most efficient for range queries on a
numeric column?
A) Hash index
B) B-tree index
C) Bitmap index
D) Full-text index
Answer: B
Explanation: B-tree indexes maintain sorted order, supporting efficient range scans.
**Question 7.** The ETL process that transforms data by aggregating daily sales into monthly totals is
an example of:
A) Extraction
B) Loading
C) Transformation
D) Validation
, Learning Assignments ETX 10 Ultimate Exam
Answer: C
Explanation: Data is changed (aggregated) during the transformation phase before loading into the
warehouse.
**Question 8.** Which cloud deployment model combines on-premises resources with public cloud
services?
A) Public cloud only
B) Private cloud only
C) Hybrid cloud
D) Community cloud
Answer: C
Explanation: Hybrid cloud integrates internal infrastructure with external public-cloud resources.
**Question 9.** Docker containers share the host’s:
A) Kernel
B) BIOS
C) Physical hardware drivers
D) Hypervisor
Answer: A
Explanation: Containers run as isolated processes on the host OS kernel, unlike VMs that emulate
hardware.
**Question 10.** In Kubernetes, the object that ensures a specified number of pod replicas are running
is called:
A) Service
B) Deployment
C) ConfigMap
D) Ingress
Answer: B
Explanation: A Deployment declares the desired replica count and manages pod lifecycle.
, Learning Assignments ETX 10 Ultimate Exam
**Question 11.** Serverless functions such as AWS Lambda are billed primarily based on:
A) Number of virtual machines provisioned
B) CPU cores allocated per hour
C) Execution duration and memory used
D) Fixed monthly subscription
Answer: C
Explanation: Serverless pricing is metered per millisecond of execution and the amount of memory
allocated.
**Question 12.** In Scrum, which event is used to refine the product backlog and clarify upcoming
work?
A) Sprint Review
B) Sprint Retrospective
C) Backlog Grooming (Refinement)
D) Daily Stand-up
Answer: C
Explanation: Backlog grooming (or refinement) is the meeting where items are detailed, estimated, and
prioritized.
**Question 13.** Kanban limits work-in-progress (WIP) to:
A) Increase multitasking
B) Reduce cycle time and improve flow
C) Ensure all tasks start simultaneously
D) Allow unlimited parallel work
Answer: B
Explanation: WIP limits prevent overload, leading to faster completion and clearer bottlenecks.
**Question 14.** Which risk mitigation technique involves creating a secondary system that can take
over if the primary fails?
