CCI RCS Exam Most Updated Question and Answer (2026/2027) | Verified Practice Material | A+ Verified

CCI RCS Exam Most Updated Question and
Answer (2026/2027) | Verified Practice
Material | A+ Verified
• What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis? -✓✓ Rheumatic heart disease.

• What type of overload occurs in mitral stenosis? -✓✓ Pressure overload of the left
atrium.

• Which chamber is the first to enlarge in mitral stenosis? -✓✓ Left atrium.

• What is the classic 2D finding of mitral stenosis? -✓✓ Diastolic doming of the anterior
mitral valve leaflet.

• What leaflet thickness is suggestive of mitral stenosis? -✓✓ >3 mm.

• What happens to the posterior mitral leaflet in mitral stenosis? -✓✓ Anterior motion.

• What is commissural fusion in mitral stenosis? -✓✓ Fusion of mitral valve
commissures due to rheumatic disease.

• What additional findings in the left atrium are seen in severe mitral stenosis? -✓✓
Spontaneous echo contrast (smoke) and thrombus.

• What right ventricle changes occur with severe mitral stenosis? -✓✓ RVH and RV
dilation.

• What left ventricle appearance may be seen in severe mitral stenosis? -✓✓ Small D-
shaped LV.

• What is the normal mitral valve area (MVA)? -✓✓ 4-6 cm².

• What is the mild mitral stenosis MVA? -✓✓ >1.5 cm².

• What is the moderate mitral stenosis MVA? -✓✓ 1.0-1.5 cm².

• What is the severe mitral stenosis MVA? -✓✓ <1.0 cm².

• What is the severe mitral stenosis pressure half-time? -✓✓ >220 ms.

• What type of overload occurs in mitral regurgitation? -✓✓ Volume overload.

,• Which chambers are enlarged in chronic mitral regurgitation? -✓✓ LA and LV.

• What is the typical left ventricle response to chronic mitral regurgitation? -✓✓ LV
dilation and hyperkinesis.

• What is a common cause of functional mitral regurgitation? -✓✓ LV dilation.

• What pulmonary finding may occur in severe mitral regurgitation? -✓✓ Pulmonary
hypertension.

• What is the mild mitral regurgitation regurgitant volume? -✓✓ <30 mL/beat.

• What is the moderate mitral regurgitation regurgitant volume? -✓✓ 30-60 mL/beat.

• What is the severe mitral regurgitation regurgitant volume? -✓✓ >60 mL/beat.

• What is the severe mitral regurgitation effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA)? -✓✓
>0.40 cm².

• What pulmonary venous Doppler finding suggests severe mitral regurgitation? -✓✓
Systolic flow reversal.

• What is the definition of mitral valve prolapse? -✓✓ Billowing of mitral leaflets beyond
the annulus.

• What is the most common leaflet pathology in mitral valve prolapse? -✓✓ Myxomatous
degeneration.

• Which scallop is most commonly involved in mitral valve prolapse? -✓✓ P2.

• When does mid-systolic prolapse occur? -✓✓ Late in systole.

• What is a common consequence of mitral valve prolapse? -✓✓ Mitral regurgitation.

• What is the most common congenital cause of aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Bicuspid aortic
valve.

• What type of overload occurs in aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Pressure overload.

• What is the left ventricle remodeling pattern in aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Concentric LVH.

• What is the characteristic appearance of a bicuspid valve opening? -✓✓ Football-
shaped opening.

, • What is the typical cusp motion in aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Reduced excursion.

• What chamber enlargement is associated with aortic stenosis? -✓✓ LA enlargement.

• What happens to the ascending aorta in aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Post-stenotic dilation.

• What is the severe aortic stenosis aortic valve area (AVA)? -✓✓ <1.0 cm².

• What is the moderate aortic stenosis AVA? -✓✓ 1.0-1.5 cm².

• What is the mild aortic stenosis AVA? -✓✓ >1.5 cm².

• What is the severe aortic stenosis mean gradient? -✓✓ >40 mmHg.

• What is the severe aortic stenosis peak velocity? -✓✓ >4.0 m/s.

• What velocity ratio indicates severe aortic stenosis? -✓✓ <0.25.

• What M-mode sign is associated with aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Aortic valve thickening and
reduced excursion.

• Why does syncope occur in aortic stenosis? -✓✓ Fixed cardiac output during exertion.

• What type of overload occurs in aortic regurgitation? -✓✓ Volume overload.

• Which chamber enlarges in chronic aortic regurgitation? -✓✓ LV.

• What is the M-mode hallmark of aortic regurgitation? -✓✓ Diastolic fluttering of AMVL.

• What is another M-mode finding in aortic regurgitation? -✓✓ IVS flutter.

• What happens to ejection fraction in chronic severe aortic regurgitation? -✓✓
Eventually decreases.

• What happens to left ventricle size in aortic regurgitation? -✓✓ Progressive dilation.

• What does premature mitral valve closure indicate? -✓✓ Elevated LVEDP.

• What does premature aortic valve opening indicate? -✓✓ Severe aortic regurgitation
with elevated LVEDP.

• What pressure half-time suggests severe aortic regurgitation? -✓✓ <200 ms.