UNITEK LVN DEMENTIA AND LOSSES
EXAM TEST BANK SOLVED QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED RESPONSES GRADED A+
⩥ losartan.
Answer: AII-R competitive inhibitor
DOES NOT CAUSE COUGH
ALTERNATIVE TO ACEI
decr aldosterone, incr Na excretion, decr BP, decr TPR
used for htn
⩥ BUN.
Answer: from AA and pyrimidine metabolism from urea cycle
amount resorbed is flow dependent - decr GFR = more resorbed
azotemia:
- incr BUN preferentially to creatinine (>15:1):
pre and post renal
- incr BUN+creatinine : renal
,decr BUN: incr plasma volume, decr urea synthesis (cirrhosis, Reye,
fulminant liver fail), decr protein intake (kwashiorkor, starvation)
⩥ types of proteinuria.
Answer: functional:
fever, exercise, CHF
orthostatic - no proteinuria in morning, accumulates during day
overflow:
MM --> BJ (Ig), hemoglobinuria with intravascular hemolysis,
myoglobinuria with crush injury and McArdles --> incr CK
glomerular:
nephritic damaged BM - albumin and Igs
post strep
nephrotic loss of BM charge (>3.5) - albumin loss only
minimal change dz
tubular:
loss of AA resorption - heavy metal tox, fanconi,
hartnups
,⩥ urine assessment.
Answer: odor:
sweet - ketosis, DM
musty - PKU
maple syrup - MSUD
color:
dark yellow - concentrated, high bili/UBG, vitamins
red/pink - blood, Hgb, myogb, phenzopyridine urinary
anesthetic, prophyria, rifampin
smoky - hematin from Hgb (happens in acid urine)
clarity:
cloudy - phosphates, uric acid, WBC
specific gravity: osm
>1.023 = kidneys are concentrating, excludes intrinsic
renal dz
1.008-1.010 = Uosm = Posm = intrinsic renal dz
(ATN, renal fail)
alkaline pH + smells like ammonia = PROTEUS
, glucose:
glucosuria + hyperglycemia = DM
--> first sign of DM kidney - microalbuminuria
glucosuria w/o hyperglycemia = preg, Fanconi
UBG + bili:
absent UBG, high bili = obstructive jaundice
high UBG, absent bili = extravascular hemolytic
anemia (hereditary spherocytosis)
high UBG, high bili = hepatitis
nitrites:
GRAM NEG bacteria - E COLI
LE:
INFECTIONS in general - urethritis, cystitis,
pyelonephritis
sterile pyuria: neutrophils with negative culture
CHLAMYDIA, TB, INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
EXAM TEST BANK SOLVED QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED RESPONSES GRADED A+
⩥ losartan.
Answer: AII-R competitive inhibitor
DOES NOT CAUSE COUGH
ALTERNATIVE TO ACEI
decr aldosterone, incr Na excretion, decr BP, decr TPR
used for htn
⩥ BUN.
Answer: from AA and pyrimidine metabolism from urea cycle
amount resorbed is flow dependent - decr GFR = more resorbed
azotemia:
- incr BUN preferentially to creatinine (>15:1):
pre and post renal
- incr BUN+creatinine : renal
,decr BUN: incr plasma volume, decr urea synthesis (cirrhosis, Reye,
fulminant liver fail), decr protein intake (kwashiorkor, starvation)
⩥ types of proteinuria.
Answer: functional:
fever, exercise, CHF
orthostatic - no proteinuria in morning, accumulates during day
overflow:
MM --> BJ (Ig), hemoglobinuria with intravascular hemolysis,
myoglobinuria with crush injury and McArdles --> incr CK
glomerular:
nephritic damaged BM - albumin and Igs
post strep
nephrotic loss of BM charge (>3.5) - albumin loss only
minimal change dz
tubular:
loss of AA resorption - heavy metal tox, fanconi,
hartnups
,⩥ urine assessment.
Answer: odor:
sweet - ketosis, DM
musty - PKU
maple syrup - MSUD
color:
dark yellow - concentrated, high bili/UBG, vitamins
red/pink - blood, Hgb, myogb, phenzopyridine urinary
anesthetic, prophyria, rifampin
smoky - hematin from Hgb (happens in acid urine)
clarity:
cloudy - phosphates, uric acid, WBC
specific gravity: osm
>1.023 = kidneys are concentrating, excludes intrinsic
renal dz
1.008-1.010 = Uosm = Posm = intrinsic renal dz
(ATN, renal fail)
alkaline pH + smells like ammonia = PROTEUS
, glucose:
glucosuria + hyperglycemia = DM
--> first sign of DM kidney - microalbuminuria
glucosuria w/o hyperglycemia = preg, Fanconi
UBG + bili:
absent UBG, high bili = obstructive jaundice
high UBG, absent bili = extravascular hemolytic
anemia (hereditary spherocytosis)
high UBG, high bili = hepatitis
nitrites:
GRAM NEG bacteria - E COLI
LE:
INFECTIONS in general - urethritis, cystitis,
pyelonephritis
sterile pyuria: neutrophils with negative culture
CHLAMYDIA, TB, INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
