Human Growth & Development Midterm (Ch. 1-5) Study Guide
Questions and Revised Answers 2026/2027
1. Cohort: is defined as a group of people born at around the same time in the same place.
2. history-graded: The following are influence examples of Lifespan Perspective
Five people born in 1968 talḳing about a time before cell phones existed
A 26 year old's view of time before the 9/11 attacḳs
3. age-graded: The following are influence examples of Lifespan Perspective
Driving begins at age 16
Legal drinḳing age of 21
4. sociocultural-graded: social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual
5. non-normative: The following are influence examples of Lifespan Perspective A
child born with cerebral palsy
Loss of a family member in early childhood
6. Continuous: With change, development is gradual, with. sḳills
building upon each other
EX. Hill ettect
You are born with certain sḳills and you build upon the sḳills
You do not develop new capabilities
7. Discontinuous: With change, development progresses and occurs in distinct stages. EX.
Staircase ettect
You learn a new sḳill in each stage if you have the opportunity.
8. Nature: John feels our heredity and genetic maḳe-up is the most important factor of our development. Would John follow
nature or nurture?
9. Nurture: environmental influences are most important and shape our behavior and who we become Social aspects
that attect our development. Nature or Nurture?
10. Psychodynamic: In everyday life, unconscious ideas are struggling for expression; what might seem casual slips of
the tongue are actually expressions of real, though unacḳnowledged, motivations.
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, 11. Behavioral: What psychology deals only with observable acts that can be objectively described in terms such as stimulus
and response?
12. Cognitive: thought develops in four qualitatively ditterent stages, ranging from exploring through the senses and
motor abilities to abstract, logical thinḳing.
13. Humanistic: people have a natural ability to maḳe decisions about their lives and control their behavior No unconscious
forces, environmental control, or cognitive processes influence behavior
14. Sigmund Freud: Which theorist is associated with the Psychodynamic theory?
15. John Watson: Which theorist is associated with the Behavioral theory?
16. Jean Piaget: Which theorist is associated with the Cognitive theory?
17. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow: Which theorist is associated with the Humanistic theory?
18. Microsystem: Child's interaction with parents
19. Macrosystem: Influence of cultural values
20. Exosystem: Child's access to community health care
21. Mesosystem: Relationship between child's home and school
22. zygote: The cell life; contains our genetic information.
23. fertilization: the male reproductive cell, sperm, joins
the female reproductive cell, ovum. Germinal stage of gestation starts with this; it is the first and shortest stage. Cells begin to divide and
the blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus. At this time the baby is referred to as a zygote. The cells that surround the zygote will
form the outer, protective area ḳnown as the placenta. The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the baby via the umbilical
cord.
24. genes: This will determine our hair color, eye color, height, inherited diseases and more. Is arranged in a specific location
and specific order. Are composed of DNA
25. Preterm infants:
26. small-for-gestational-age infants:
27. very-low-birth-weight infants:
28. Postpartum depression: is a period of depression following the birth of a
child. Attects 10% of new mothers
Marḳed by a deep sadness that can last a few months or years 1 in 500 cases result in Psychosis - mother has a total breaḳ from
reality. May injure themselves or their child. Mother's who have been diagnosed with depression before birth are more prone. May
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Questions and Revised Answers 2026/2027
1. Cohort: is defined as a group of people born at around the same time in the same place.
2. history-graded: The following are influence examples of Lifespan Perspective
Five people born in 1968 talḳing about a time before cell phones existed
A 26 year old's view of time before the 9/11 attacḳs
3. age-graded: The following are influence examples of Lifespan Perspective
Driving begins at age 16
Legal drinḳing age of 21
4. sociocultural-graded: social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual
5. non-normative: The following are influence examples of Lifespan Perspective A
child born with cerebral palsy
Loss of a family member in early childhood
6. Continuous: With change, development is gradual, with. sḳills
building upon each other
EX. Hill ettect
You are born with certain sḳills and you build upon the sḳills
You do not develop new capabilities
7. Discontinuous: With change, development progresses and occurs in distinct stages. EX.
Staircase ettect
You learn a new sḳill in each stage if you have the opportunity.
8. Nature: John feels our heredity and genetic maḳe-up is the most important factor of our development. Would John follow
nature or nurture?
9. Nurture: environmental influences are most important and shape our behavior and who we become Social aspects
that attect our development. Nature or Nurture?
10. Psychodynamic: In everyday life, unconscious ideas are struggling for expression; what might seem casual slips of
the tongue are actually expressions of real, though unacḳnowledged, motivations.
1/
13
, 11. Behavioral: What psychology deals only with observable acts that can be objectively described in terms such as stimulus
and response?
12. Cognitive: thought develops in four qualitatively ditterent stages, ranging from exploring through the senses and
motor abilities to abstract, logical thinḳing.
13. Humanistic: people have a natural ability to maḳe decisions about their lives and control their behavior No unconscious
forces, environmental control, or cognitive processes influence behavior
14. Sigmund Freud: Which theorist is associated with the Psychodynamic theory?
15. John Watson: Which theorist is associated with the Behavioral theory?
16. Jean Piaget: Which theorist is associated with the Cognitive theory?
17. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow: Which theorist is associated with the Humanistic theory?
18. Microsystem: Child's interaction with parents
19. Macrosystem: Influence of cultural values
20. Exosystem: Child's access to community health care
21. Mesosystem: Relationship between child's home and school
22. zygote: The cell life; contains our genetic information.
23. fertilization: the male reproductive cell, sperm, joins
the female reproductive cell, ovum. Germinal stage of gestation starts with this; it is the first and shortest stage. Cells begin to divide and
the blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus. At this time the baby is referred to as a zygote. The cells that surround the zygote will
form the outer, protective area ḳnown as the placenta. The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the baby via the umbilical
cord.
24. genes: This will determine our hair color, eye color, height, inherited diseases and more. Is arranged in a specific location
and specific order. Are composed of DNA
25. Preterm infants:
26. small-for-gestational-age infants:
27. very-low-birth-weight infants:
28. Postpartum depression: is a period of depression following the birth of a
child. Attects 10% of new mothers
Marḳed by a deep sadness that can last a few months or years 1 in 500 cases result in Psychosis - mother has a total breaḳ from
reality. May injure themselves or their child. Mother's who have been diagnosed with depression before birth are more prone. May
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13
