NR 545 Exam 3 Questions and Correct Answers|
Latest Update| Chamberlain University
GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
a blood test that measures how well the kidneys are working by estimating how
much blood passes through the kidneys' glomeruli each minute
Proteinuria
the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine
Creatinine and BUN
BUN-to-creatinine ratio is a medical measurement that compares the levels of
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in a patient's blood. It's calculated by
dividing the BUN number by the creatinine number. A normal ratio is between
10:1 and 20:1
Pyelonephritis --Patho/phys:
One or both kidneys may be involved. The infection extends from the ureter into
the kidney, involving the renal pelvis and medullary tissue (tubules and interstitial
tissue). Purulent exudate fills the kidney pelvis and calyces, and the medulla is
inflamed. Abscesses and necrosis can be seen in the medulla and may extend
through the cortex to the surface of the capsule. If the infection is severe, the
exudate can compress the renal artery and vein and obstruct urine flow to the
ureter.
,Pyelonephritis symptoms
1) urinary frequency
2) urgency
3) burning
4) dysuria in the same way as cystitis
5) flank pain and tenderness.
**Pyelonephritis is also a more severe disease, so there is a higher fever and the
patient is much more ill.
Pyelonephritis treatment
UTIs are treated promptly with antibacterial drugs such as:
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra)
• Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)
• Cephalosporins (Keflex, Duricef)
• Carbapenems (Doribax)
• Amoxicillin
• Fosfomycin (which is prescribed for pregnant women)
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Tx: Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin
, Renal Colic
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a
kidney stone
renal colic signs and symptoms
- Severe pain in flank or back
- Frequently radiates to groin
- Nausea, vomiting
glomerulonephritis patho/phys
The antistreptococcal antibodies, formed as usual from the earlier streptococcal
infection, create an antigen-antibody complex (type III hypersensitivity reaction)
that lodges in the glomerular capillaries and activates the complement system to
cause an inflammatory response in the glomeruli of both kidneys. This leads to
increased capillary permeability and cell proliferation and results in leakage of
some protein and large numbers of erythrocytes into the filtrate.
glomerulonephritis signs & symptoms
• The urine becomes dark and cloudy (“smoky” or “coffee-colored”) because of
the protein and red blood cells that have leaked into it.
• Facial and periorbital edema
Latest Update| Chamberlain University
GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
a blood test that measures how well the kidneys are working by estimating how
much blood passes through the kidneys' glomeruli each minute
Proteinuria
the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine
Creatinine and BUN
BUN-to-creatinine ratio is a medical measurement that compares the levels of
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in a patient's blood. It's calculated by
dividing the BUN number by the creatinine number. A normal ratio is between
10:1 and 20:1
Pyelonephritis --Patho/phys:
One or both kidneys may be involved. The infection extends from the ureter into
the kidney, involving the renal pelvis and medullary tissue (tubules and interstitial
tissue). Purulent exudate fills the kidney pelvis and calyces, and the medulla is
inflamed. Abscesses and necrosis can be seen in the medulla and may extend
through the cortex to the surface of the capsule. If the infection is severe, the
exudate can compress the renal artery and vein and obstruct urine flow to the
ureter.
,Pyelonephritis symptoms
1) urinary frequency
2) urgency
3) burning
4) dysuria in the same way as cystitis
5) flank pain and tenderness.
**Pyelonephritis is also a more severe disease, so there is a higher fever and the
patient is much more ill.
Pyelonephritis treatment
UTIs are treated promptly with antibacterial drugs such as:
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra)
• Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin)
• Cephalosporins (Keflex, Duricef)
• Carbapenems (Doribax)
• Amoxicillin
• Fosfomycin (which is prescribed for pregnant women)
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Tx: Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin
, Renal Colic
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a
kidney stone
renal colic signs and symptoms
- Severe pain in flank or back
- Frequently radiates to groin
- Nausea, vomiting
glomerulonephritis patho/phys
The antistreptococcal antibodies, formed as usual from the earlier streptococcal
infection, create an antigen-antibody complex (type III hypersensitivity reaction)
that lodges in the glomerular capillaries and activates the complement system to
cause an inflammatory response in the glomeruli of both kidneys. This leads to
increased capillary permeability and cell proliferation and results in leakage of
some protein and large numbers of erythrocytes into the filtrate.
glomerulonephritis signs & symptoms
• The urine becomes dark and cloudy (“smoky” or “coffee-colored”) because of
the protein and red blood cells that have leaked into it.
• Facial and periorbital edema
