ACE YOUR NUR 641 E EXAM: COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◍ When there is coexisting heart failure in a patient, what is the
antiarrythmic of choice? Answer:amiodarone
◍ What happens with Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation?
Answer:vasoconstriction and increased BP
◍ What happens with Alpha-1 adrenergic
blockade? Answer:vasodilation reduced BP
◍ Beta-1 adrenergic stimulation by beta agonists results in?
Answer:increased heart rate increased blood pressure
increased cardiac output
◍ Beta-1 adrenergic blockade results in? Answer:reduced heart rate
reduced BP
reduced CO
,◍ Left heart failure causes? Answer:reduced delivery of oxygenated
blood to the body tissues
◍ Right heart failure is associated with? Answer:pulmonary disease
and increased pulmonary vascular resistance
◍ What drug relieves heart failure symptoms but does not reduce
mortality? Answer:furosemide
◍ Loop diuretics like furosemide are and can cause what?
Answer:potent diuretics can cause diuretic resistance and
hypokalemia
◍ Where do loop diuretics work? Answer:work on receptors in the
thick ascending loop of henle
◍ What are examples of potassium sparing diuretics
Answer:spironolactone, triamterene
◍ What phosphodiestrase inhibitor is used for acute heart failure?
Answer:milirinone
◍ How do children diagnosed with the tetraology of fallot stop
Answer:squatting down (a compensatory mechanism)
,◍
What is patent ductus arteriosus? Answer:congenital heart defect
with continuous machine-like murmur heard over the left upper
sternal border in both systole and diastole, a bounding pulse and a
thrill on palpation
◍ How can PDA be treated? Answer:IV NSAIDs (indomethacin)
◍ What is raynauds? Answer:vasospatic disorder typically
seen during cold weather involves small arteries and arterioles
in the fingers occasionally toes are involved
◍ What medications treat raynauds? Answer:dihydropyridine-type
calcium channel blockers (nifedipine)
◍ What is asthma Answer:obstructive airway disease associated with
airflow obstruction, mucus production, hyperreactivity of the
bronchial tissue and inflammation
◍ How is mild persistent asthma treated? Answer:short acting beta-2
agonist plus inhaled corticosteroid
◍ how is moderate persistent asthma treated? Answer:inhaled
lowdose corticosteroid and long acting bronchodilator
◍ How is severe persistent asthma treated? Answer:long acting beta 2
agonist high potency inhaled corticosteroid oral corticosteroid drug
, ◍ Inhaled short-acting beta 2 agonists are indicated for? Answer:PRN
use only
◍ What should never be used in an acute asthma exacerbation?
Answer:long acting beta-2 agonists
◍ What can short-acting beta-2 agonists cause? Answer:used in
acute asthma attacks increase heart rate, tremors, nervousness and
hypokalemia
◍ What teaching should be done with inhaled corticosteroids?
Answer:rinse mouth after each use of product
◍ What is an example of a long-acting beta agonist and a
corticosteroid? Answer:advair
(fluticasone and salmeterol)
◍ What is an example of a long-acting beta agonist and
anticholinergic agent? Answer:Anoro ellipta
(umeclidium/vilanterol)
What is an example of a short acting beta agonist and an
anticholinergic agent? Answer:Combivent (albuterol/ipratropium)
STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◍ When there is coexisting heart failure in a patient, what is the
antiarrythmic of choice? Answer:amiodarone
◍ What happens with Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation?
Answer:vasoconstriction and increased BP
◍ What happens with Alpha-1 adrenergic
blockade? Answer:vasodilation reduced BP
◍ Beta-1 adrenergic stimulation by beta agonists results in?
Answer:increased heart rate increased blood pressure
increased cardiac output
◍ Beta-1 adrenergic blockade results in? Answer:reduced heart rate
reduced BP
reduced CO
,◍ Left heart failure causes? Answer:reduced delivery of oxygenated
blood to the body tissues
◍ Right heart failure is associated with? Answer:pulmonary disease
and increased pulmonary vascular resistance
◍ What drug relieves heart failure symptoms but does not reduce
mortality? Answer:furosemide
◍ Loop diuretics like furosemide are and can cause what?
Answer:potent diuretics can cause diuretic resistance and
hypokalemia
◍ Where do loop diuretics work? Answer:work on receptors in the
thick ascending loop of henle
◍ What are examples of potassium sparing diuretics
Answer:spironolactone, triamterene
◍ What phosphodiestrase inhibitor is used for acute heart failure?
Answer:milirinone
◍ How do children diagnosed with the tetraology of fallot stop
Answer:squatting down (a compensatory mechanism)
,◍
What is patent ductus arteriosus? Answer:congenital heart defect
with continuous machine-like murmur heard over the left upper
sternal border in both systole and diastole, a bounding pulse and a
thrill on palpation
◍ How can PDA be treated? Answer:IV NSAIDs (indomethacin)
◍ What is raynauds? Answer:vasospatic disorder typically
seen during cold weather involves small arteries and arterioles
in the fingers occasionally toes are involved
◍ What medications treat raynauds? Answer:dihydropyridine-type
calcium channel blockers (nifedipine)
◍ What is asthma Answer:obstructive airway disease associated with
airflow obstruction, mucus production, hyperreactivity of the
bronchial tissue and inflammation
◍ How is mild persistent asthma treated? Answer:short acting beta-2
agonist plus inhaled corticosteroid
◍ how is moderate persistent asthma treated? Answer:inhaled
lowdose corticosteroid and long acting bronchodilator
◍ How is severe persistent asthma treated? Answer:long acting beta 2
agonist high potency inhaled corticosteroid oral corticosteroid drug
, ◍ Inhaled short-acting beta 2 agonists are indicated for? Answer:PRN
use only
◍ What should never be used in an acute asthma exacerbation?
Answer:long acting beta-2 agonists
◍ What can short-acting beta-2 agonists cause? Answer:used in
acute asthma attacks increase heart rate, tremors, nervousness and
hypokalemia
◍ What teaching should be done with inhaled corticosteroids?
Answer:rinse mouth after each use of product
◍ What is an example of a long-acting beta agonist and a
corticosteroid? Answer:advair
(fluticasone and salmeterol)
◍ What is an example of a long-acting beta agonist and
anticholinergic agent? Answer:Anoro ellipta
(umeclidium/vilanterol)
What is an example of a short acting beta agonist and an
anticholinergic agent? Answer:Combivent (albuterol/ipratropium)
