SOLUTIONS MANUAL
** All Chapters included
** Answers to In-Text Questions
** Review Answers
, Table of Contents
Introduction v
Safety in the Lab vi
Correlations vii
Lab Exercises
1. Introduction to Lab Science, Chemistry, Organs, Systems, and
Organization of the Body 1
2. Microscopy 7
3. Cell Structure and Function 10
4. Tissues 16
5. Integumentary System 19
6. Introduction to the Skeletal System 21
7. Appendicular Skeleton 24
8. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum, and Hyoid 27
9. Axial Skeleton: Skull 30
10. Joints and Movement 33
11. Muscle Physiology 35
12. Overview of Muscles and the Muscles of the Shoulder and
41
Upper Limb
13. Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, Leg, and Foot 45
14. Muscles of the Head and Neck 49
15. Muscles of the Torso 51
16. Introduction to the Nervous System 53
17. Spinal Cord and Somatic Nerves 55
18. Brain and Cranial Nerves 57
19. Nervous System Physiology: Stimuli and Reflexes 60
20. Introduction to Sensory Receptors 62
21. Taste and Smell 64
22. Eye and Vision 66
23. Ear, Hearing, and Balance 69
24. Endocrine System 72
25. Blood 75
26. Blood Tests and Typing 78
27. Structure of the Heart 80
iii
,28. Electrical Conductivity of the Heart 83
29. Functions of the Heart 85
30. Introduction to Blood Vessels and Arteries of the Upper
88
Body
31. Arteries of the Lower Body 91
32. Veins and Special Circulations 93
33. Functions of Vessels and the Lymphatic System 96
34. Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure 98
35. Structure of the Respiratory System 100
36. Respiratory Function 102
37. Physiology of Exercise and Pulmonary Health 105
38. Anatomy of the Digestive System 107
39. Digestive Physiology 110
40. Anatomy of the Urinary System 113
41. Urinalysis 116
42. Male Reproductive System 118
43. Female Reproductive System and Early Development 121
Appendix A: Materials Needed and Preparation of Materials 123
Appendix B: Suppliers 129
iv
, Introduction
This instructor’s resource manual was written to assist you in the preparation of the lab portion of
the course. It serves to coordinate the labs with the ordering of material, aids the instructor or lab
technician in preparing material for the lab, provides a detailed list of preparations and sources for
ordering, and provides instructional aids in the running of the lab. This manual also provides
answers to the review questions at the back of each exercise.
The lab manual contains 43 exercises that cover the breadth of human anatomy and physiology.
Each exercise can be used in its entirety or shortened depending on the time available or according
to your interest. Labs vary in terms of equipment. Some exercises may need to be modified or
deleted entirely due to the physical constraints of the institution. The text is written for students
who are introductory students to the material and may have little or no chemistry background.
Orders must be made ahead of time for items such as sterilized blood, live frogs, enzymes, and
other materials for the preparation of solutions. Many supply companies will take orders early and
ship material to arrive at the scheduled time. As labs are being prepared, specific quantities of
materials need to be prepared. A general rule of thumb is to calculate the total amount of material
that will be used in lab and double that amount.
Materials listed in this lab manual are generally indicated as per student, per table (assuming a
table of four), or per lab section (25 students). Test all reagents and experiments prior to trying
them in lab. Note any modifications to the experiments for future use. I would be very happy to
hear from you regarding comments or suggestions concerning the lab. You can contact me through
McGraw Hill or at Santa Barbara City College.
Instructor’s resources such as PowerPoint reviews at the end of lab, videos, computer
presentations, additional texts or illustrations add to students’ comprehension of the material.
Some students want to go beyond the material at hand and available references are wonderful to
have in the lab.
v
** All Chapters included
** Answers to In-Text Questions
** Review Answers
, Table of Contents
Introduction v
Safety in the Lab vi
Correlations vii
Lab Exercises
1. Introduction to Lab Science, Chemistry, Organs, Systems, and
Organization of the Body 1
2. Microscopy 7
3. Cell Structure and Function 10
4. Tissues 16
5. Integumentary System 19
6. Introduction to the Skeletal System 21
7. Appendicular Skeleton 24
8. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum, and Hyoid 27
9. Axial Skeleton: Skull 30
10. Joints and Movement 33
11. Muscle Physiology 35
12. Overview of Muscles and the Muscles of the Shoulder and
41
Upper Limb
13. Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, Leg, and Foot 45
14. Muscles of the Head and Neck 49
15. Muscles of the Torso 51
16. Introduction to the Nervous System 53
17. Spinal Cord and Somatic Nerves 55
18. Brain and Cranial Nerves 57
19. Nervous System Physiology: Stimuli and Reflexes 60
20. Introduction to Sensory Receptors 62
21. Taste and Smell 64
22. Eye and Vision 66
23. Ear, Hearing, and Balance 69
24. Endocrine System 72
25. Blood 75
26. Blood Tests and Typing 78
27. Structure of the Heart 80
iii
,28. Electrical Conductivity of the Heart 83
29. Functions of the Heart 85
30. Introduction to Blood Vessels and Arteries of the Upper
88
Body
31. Arteries of the Lower Body 91
32. Veins and Special Circulations 93
33. Functions of Vessels and the Lymphatic System 96
34. Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure 98
35. Structure of the Respiratory System 100
36. Respiratory Function 102
37. Physiology of Exercise and Pulmonary Health 105
38. Anatomy of the Digestive System 107
39. Digestive Physiology 110
40. Anatomy of the Urinary System 113
41. Urinalysis 116
42. Male Reproductive System 118
43. Female Reproductive System and Early Development 121
Appendix A: Materials Needed and Preparation of Materials 123
Appendix B: Suppliers 129
iv
, Introduction
This instructor’s resource manual was written to assist you in the preparation of the lab portion of
the course. It serves to coordinate the labs with the ordering of material, aids the instructor or lab
technician in preparing material for the lab, provides a detailed list of preparations and sources for
ordering, and provides instructional aids in the running of the lab. This manual also provides
answers to the review questions at the back of each exercise.
The lab manual contains 43 exercises that cover the breadth of human anatomy and physiology.
Each exercise can be used in its entirety or shortened depending on the time available or according
to your interest. Labs vary in terms of equipment. Some exercises may need to be modified or
deleted entirely due to the physical constraints of the institution. The text is written for students
who are introductory students to the material and may have little or no chemistry background.
Orders must be made ahead of time for items such as sterilized blood, live frogs, enzymes, and
other materials for the preparation of solutions. Many supply companies will take orders early and
ship material to arrive at the scheduled time. As labs are being prepared, specific quantities of
materials need to be prepared. A general rule of thumb is to calculate the total amount of material
that will be used in lab and double that amount.
Materials listed in this lab manual are generally indicated as per student, per table (assuming a
table of four), or per lab section (25 students). Test all reagents and experiments prior to trying
them in lab. Note any modifications to the experiments for future use. I would be very happy to
hear from you regarding comments or suggestions concerning the lab. You can contact me through
McGraw Hill or at Santa Barbara City College.
Instructor’s resources such as PowerPoint reviews at the end of lab, videos, computer
presentations, additional texts or illustrations add to students’ comprehension of the material.
Some students want to go beyond the material at hand and available references are wonderful to
have in the lab.
v
