Nursing Pathophysiology Nightingale College Midterm 2026–2027
| Most Tested Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded
1. The nurse identifies the most common clinical manifestation(s) of brain tumors
in children as...
Headache and vomiting
Behavioral issues
Seizure activity
Fever and poor fine motor skills
2. Which patient is at the greatest risk for developing hypernatremia related to
water deficiency?
A 50 y/o male with DM who works a part-time job at a popular
restaurant
A 80 y/o female who is hemiplegic and cannot feed herself
A 22 y/o female nursing student who lives alone with no
responsibilities other than her schoolwork
A 34 y/o male who is hard of hearing and drives the city bus for senior
citizens
3. Describe the significance of thymic atrophy during childhood in relation to
the immune system.
Thymic atrophy during childhood is significant as it leads to a
decrease in T-cell production, impacting the immune system's ability
to respond to pathogens.
Thymic atrophy enhances the immune response by increasing
antibody production.
, Thymic atrophy has no impact on the immune system during
childhood.
Thymic atrophy is a sign of an overactive immune system.
4. Discuss how physical activity may influence the risk of developing colon
cancer.
Physical activity increases the risk of colon cancer due to muscle
strain.
Physical activity has no impact on cancer risk.
Physical activity may lower the risk of colon cancer by promoting
healthy digestion and reducing inflammation.
Physical activity only affects lung cancer risk.
5. In a clinical scenario, if a patient is declared brain dead but shows some
spinal reflexes, how would this impact the confirmation of somatic death?
The presence of spinal reflexes does not negate the confirmation of
somatic death if there is irreversible cessation of all brain functions.
Spinal reflexes must be absent to confirm somatic death.
Spinal reflexes indicate that the patient is not truly dead.
The presence of reflexes means the brain is still functioning.
6. Which indoor pollutant is known for its association with lung cancer and is a
product of uranium decay?
Carbon monoxide
Radon
Mold
Cigarette smoke
,7. Describe the significance of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of
hepatic cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) indicates liver function and is unrelated to
cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is used exclusively for diagnosing prostate
cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a significant tumor marker used to help
diagnose and monitor hepatic cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a marker for autoimmune diseases.
8. Describe how the inheritance pattern of Huntington disease affects family
members.
Huntington disease can be inherited from either parent without a
predictable pattern.
Huntington disease follows an autosomal dominant pattern,
meaning each child of an affected parent has a 50% chance of
inheriting the disorder.
Huntington disease is linked to the X chromosome, affecting males
more than females.
Huntington disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner,
requiring both parents to pass on the gene.
9. The nursing instructor is discussing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
with a group of nursing students and indicates the function of aldosterone.
Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of this function?
Aldosterone works to promote diuresis
Aldosterone decreases the amount of chloride in the body
Aldosterone increases potassium in the blood volume
, Aldosterone cause retention of sodium and water
10. Describe the significance of the base pairing in DNA structure.
Base pairing in DNA is irrelevant to genetic inheritance.
Base pairing in DNA allows for the synthesis of proteins.
Base pairing in DNA determines the color of an organism.
Base pairing in DNA is crucial for the stability of the double helix
and for accurate DNA replication.
11. Describe the significance of the antibodies present in type O blood in
relation to blood transfusions.
Individuals with type O blood have both Anti-A and Anti-B
antibodies, making them universal donors but at risk for transfusion
reactions.
Type O blood has only Anti-A antibodies, which can cause reactions
with type A blood.
Type O blood contains no antibodies, allowing for safe transfusions
from any blood type.
Type O blood has only Anti-B antibodies, which can cause reactions
with type B blood.
12. Discuss the relationship between spina bifida and hydrocephalus in affected
newborns.
Spina bifida and hydrocephalus are both caused by environmental
factors.
Spina bifida can lead to hydrocephalus due to the disruption of
normal cerebrospinal fluid flow.
| Most Tested Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded
1. The nurse identifies the most common clinical manifestation(s) of brain tumors
in children as...
Headache and vomiting
Behavioral issues
Seizure activity
Fever and poor fine motor skills
2. Which patient is at the greatest risk for developing hypernatremia related to
water deficiency?
A 50 y/o male with DM who works a part-time job at a popular
restaurant
A 80 y/o female who is hemiplegic and cannot feed herself
A 22 y/o female nursing student who lives alone with no
responsibilities other than her schoolwork
A 34 y/o male who is hard of hearing and drives the city bus for senior
citizens
3. Describe the significance of thymic atrophy during childhood in relation to
the immune system.
Thymic atrophy during childhood is significant as it leads to a
decrease in T-cell production, impacting the immune system's ability
to respond to pathogens.
Thymic atrophy enhances the immune response by increasing
antibody production.
, Thymic atrophy has no impact on the immune system during
childhood.
Thymic atrophy is a sign of an overactive immune system.
4. Discuss how physical activity may influence the risk of developing colon
cancer.
Physical activity increases the risk of colon cancer due to muscle
strain.
Physical activity has no impact on cancer risk.
Physical activity may lower the risk of colon cancer by promoting
healthy digestion and reducing inflammation.
Physical activity only affects lung cancer risk.
5. In a clinical scenario, if a patient is declared brain dead but shows some
spinal reflexes, how would this impact the confirmation of somatic death?
The presence of spinal reflexes does not negate the confirmation of
somatic death if there is irreversible cessation of all brain functions.
Spinal reflexes must be absent to confirm somatic death.
Spinal reflexes indicate that the patient is not truly dead.
The presence of reflexes means the brain is still functioning.
6. Which indoor pollutant is known for its association with lung cancer and is a
product of uranium decay?
Carbon monoxide
Radon
Mold
Cigarette smoke
,7. Describe the significance of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of
hepatic cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) indicates liver function and is unrelated to
cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is used exclusively for diagnosing prostate
cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a significant tumor marker used to help
diagnose and monitor hepatic cancer.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a marker for autoimmune diseases.
8. Describe how the inheritance pattern of Huntington disease affects family
members.
Huntington disease can be inherited from either parent without a
predictable pattern.
Huntington disease follows an autosomal dominant pattern,
meaning each child of an affected parent has a 50% chance of
inheriting the disorder.
Huntington disease is linked to the X chromosome, affecting males
more than females.
Huntington disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner,
requiring both parents to pass on the gene.
9. The nursing instructor is discussing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
with a group of nursing students and indicates the function of aldosterone.
Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of this function?
Aldosterone works to promote diuresis
Aldosterone decreases the amount of chloride in the body
Aldosterone increases potassium in the blood volume
, Aldosterone cause retention of sodium and water
10. Describe the significance of the base pairing in DNA structure.
Base pairing in DNA is irrelevant to genetic inheritance.
Base pairing in DNA allows for the synthesis of proteins.
Base pairing in DNA determines the color of an organism.
Base pairing in DNA is crucial for the stability of the double helix
and for accurate DNA replication.
11. Describe the significance of the antibodies present in type O blood in
relation to blood transfusions.
Individuals with type O blood have both Anti-A and Anti-B
antibodies, making them universal donors but at risk for transfusion
reactions.
Type O blood has only Anti-A antibodies, which can cause reactions
with type A blood.
Type O blood contains no antibodies, allowing for safe transfusions
from any blood type.
Type O blood has only Anti-B antibodies, which can cause reactions
with type B blood.
12. Discuss the relationship between spina bifida and hydrocephalus in affected
newborns.
Spina bifida and hydrocephalus are both caused by environmental
factors.
Spina bifida can lead to hydrocephalus due to the disruption of
normal cerebrospinal fluid flow.
