Professional Nursing III - Final Exam Review Questions and Answers.

Professional Nursing III - Final Exam Review Questions and Answers. nursing laws state statutory laws statutory laws that affect practice of nursing -statutes of limitations -protection & reporting laws -natural death acts -informed consent laws civil law deals w/ rights & duties of private persos tort a civil wrong committed against an individual or an individual's property unintentional torts -negligence -malpractice negligence -conduct that deviates from what a reasonable person would do in a particular circumstance -may be d/t carelessness negligent act occurs when an individual damages person or property w/o intent to injure in a legal action to establish negligence, the injured party must prove that... -the other party had a duty of reasonable care -the other party didn't maintain reasonable care -failure to maintain reasonable care caused injuries to aggrieved party malpractice -"reasonable person" standard different for specific professional occupations -includes acts & omissions committed by a professional while performing their professional duties professional negligence (malpractice) Failure to meet the standard of conduct for one's profession may be considered... standard conduct of reasonably skilled, competent, & experienced person who is a qualified member of the group authorized to engage in that activity nurse's license & pt safety Any negligent act or omission, however unintentional, may jeopardize... standards of conduct of those who are qualified Anyone, qualified or not, who performs skills associated w/ a profession is held to... nursing students held to the same standard of conduct as licensed nurse elements of professional negligence or malpractice -duty -breach of duty by commission or omission -foreseeability -causation -injury ofr harm purpose of malpractice lawsuit to award damages to restore plaintiff to original position as dar as possible respondeat superior employers may be held liable for employee's negligence res ipsa loquitur harm that cannot be traced to a specific person or standard, but doesn't normally occur w/o some type of negligence statute of limitations -amount of time that can pass between recognition of harm & bringing of suit -varies by type of suit -varies by state -application to minors varies from state to state -some states have extended time limits for certain types of injuries malpractice -professional negligence -individual fails to meet the standards of conduct for the profession intentional tort separated from negligence & malpractice by willful nature & intent behind action intentional torts -assault -battery -false imprisonment -invasion of privacy assault -act of creating an apprehension of offensive, insulting, or physically injurious touching -includes threatening a pt who refuses to agree to a nursing action battery -willful touching or apprehension of touching that's unwanted, embarrassing, unwarranted -includes touching w/o permission, giving an injection w/o consent, & forcing a pt to ambulate against their will false imprisonment -unjustified detention of a person w/o legal warrant -includes confining pt to bed w/ intent to restrict pt's freedom standards of care prohibit nurse from forcing pts to participate in Tx & from engaging in any action against pt's will client rights violation placing a client in restraints before using other interventions -- right to receive Tx in least restrictive env. most healthcare agencies have policies & procedures specifying to whom, under what circumstances pt info can be released nurse needs to inform client if info regarding client health will be shared w/ the healthcare team consent must be given from client for release of info & identifying specific info such as medical Dx medication errors must be clearly documented & discussed w/ pts older & hospitalized pts may become confused by: -procedures -meds -changes in env. negligence Any pt issue that is not addressed by nurse could ultimately result in a complaint of... may be a cause of malpractice incorrect identification of pt malpractice claim Poor communication coupled w/ a negative outcome increases chance of a... accurate documentation & reporting provide info to support or refute allegations of malpractice statutory laws -Nurse Practice Act -Good Samaritan Law -Advance Directives -Child & Adult abuse laws constitutional laws -must be universally followed -ex: Right to Privacy breach of duty duty to administer meds & gives wrong dose foreseeability what will happen if I fail to do something -- acts of omission duty to pts nurse-pt relationship formation causation what led to the outcome -- must be proven that the nurse's breach of duty led to outcome turning pt Q2H A nurse has an order for a client under her care to be turned every 2 hours. Client is frail and cachectic. The nurse is aware of the order but has a heavy patient load , forgets to turning the client every 2 hours. The nurse has been caring for this client two days in a raw. Client develops a stage 2 pressure injury over her coccyx. The nurse failed to turn the patient which resulted in physical harm. The breach of duty is... strategies to prevent negligence -5 rights of med administration -communication: verbal, timely, & complete documentation -know how to use equipment in your workplace -appropriate care w/in scope of practice -appropriate mentoring -be aware of Nurse Practice Act & the administrative rules that form the basis of the standards of care that nurses are held to Emergency Medical Treatment & Active Labor Act (EMTALA) -federal law enacted in 1986 -specific to emergency departments -"anti-dumping law" original intent of EMTALA prevent hospitals from transferring uninsured or Medicaid pts w/o a minimum of a medical screening to ensure pts were stable to transfer 3 legal duties of EMTALA -appropriate medical screening exam to determine whether or not an EMERGENCY MEDICAL CONDITION (EMC) exists -if EMC exists, the hospital must stabilize the condition or if unable to stabilize the pt, must transfer to a facility that is capable of stabilizing the condition -hospitals w/ specialized capabilities are required to accept appropriate transfers of pts who require such services (if has capacity) not asked about medical insurance when was admitted to ED and prior to screening exam. A client in the emergency department receives medical screening exam. According to the findings, client is admitted, client was... informed of reason to transfer & be in agreement According to EMTALA, if a pt is being transferred to another facility to stabilize the medical condition, they must be... emergency medical condition (EMC) a condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity (including severe pain) such that the absence of immediate medical attention could reasonably be expected to result in placing the individual's health [or the health of an unborn child] in serious jeopardy, serious impairment to bodily functions, or serious dysfunction of bodily organs triage does NOT constitute a medical screening exam all pts get the exact same medical screening processes based on chief complaints & medical conditions medical screenings -performed regardless of ability to pay -may include labs, radiology, or other services -performed by a Qualified Medical Practitioner (QMP) -primarily conducted by physicians medical screening exam, but on-call OB must be the QMP of record If permitted by the states Nurse Practice Act, specially trained L&D nurses may be able to conduct the... stabilize the EMC to point where deterioration of the condition is likely to result from or occur during transfer According to EMTALA, before transferring pt to other medical facility to stabilize the condition, the site is required to... accepting facility -- can't just call ambulance According to EMTALA, before transferring pt to other medical facility to stabilize the condition, you must find an... EMTALA requirements -must keep a list of specialty physicians: "on call" list in the ED -establish transfer policies -obtain pt consent for transfer -documentation requirements & forms -mental health considerations EMTALA -can't turn away exposures of infectious nature (i.e., ebola, TB) -doesn't apply to outpatient clinics associated w/ a facility -no longer applies once a pt has been admitted/appropriately transferred nursing responsibilities for EMTALA -don't hold off on triage until insurance status is known -ensure pt is stabilized prior to transfer -document! -communicate w/ receiving facility mandatory reporting refers to a legal requirement to report an act, event, or situation that is designated by state or local law as a reportable event included in mandatory reporting -abuse/neglect including suspect -injuries: dog bites, GSWs (particular to ED) -SA -conduct that is incompetent, unethical or illegal (may involve coworkers) STIs transmitted directly to the appropriate health department infection prevention staff takes care of detailed reporting r/t infectious diseases HIV only infectious disease that needs to be reported on paper instead of electronically Illinois law -protects the identity of all mandated reporters and gives them immunity from liability as a result of good faith reports -any mandated reporter who fails to report an instance of child abuse or neglect commits a crime and may be prosecuted mandated reporters -healthcare -education -law enforcement -social work health policies -laws -regulations -government agency guidelines -positions statements -resolutions -budget priorities statute a law in public health regulation a rule in public health legislative branch makes the laws executive branch enforces the laws judicial branch evaluates the laws Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS) -has 12 operating divisions w/ 9 agencies in the US Public Health Service & 3 human service agencies -conduct life-saving research for the nation the Office of the Secretary (OS) -HHS's chief policy officer & general manager -administers & oversees the DHHS, its programs, & its activities programs & services provided by the DHHS - 100 programs across its operating divisions -protect the health of all Americans & provide essential human services, esp. for those who are least able to help themselves DHHS largest grant-making agency in the US DHHS grants most are provided directly to states, territories, tribes, & educational & community organizations, then given to ppl & organizations who are eligible to receive funding DHHS laws & regulations agencies create regulations (rules) under the authority of Congress to help gov. carry out public policy food assistance for Women, Infants, & Children (WIC) those eligible for this are women & children who are: -pregnant, breastfeeding, or just had a baby -infants & children 5 y/o (including foster children) -families w/ low-to-medium income Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) -low-cost health coverage for children in families that earn too much money to qualify for Medicaid -some states cover pregnant women -works closely w/ its state Medicaid program what CHIP covers -routine check-ups -immunizations -Dr. visits -Rxs -dental & vision care -inpatient & outpatient hospital care -lab & X-ray services -emergency services Family Case Management (FCM) program that provides comprehensive service coordination to improve the health, social, education, & developmental needs of pregnant women & infants from low-income families in the communities of Illinois eligibility for FCM -pregnant -child 1 y/o -on Medicaid -part of a low-income family