TEST BANK WGU D115 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Practice Questions and Answers 2027 Study Guide

TEST BANK WGU D115 Advanced
Pathophysiology Final Exam Practice
Questions and Answers 2027 Study Guide


TEST BANK: WGU D115 Advanced Pathophysiology Fina
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l Exam
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Cellular Biology & Genetics hg hg hg




1. A patient has a genetic mutation that results in a non-
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functioning Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Which cellular process would be most directly
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g impaired?

• A) Facilitated diffusion of glucose
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• B) Secondary active transport of amino acids
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• C) Osmotic regulation via aquaporins
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• D) Phagocytosis of bacteria
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Correct Answer: B) Secondary active transport of amino acids
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Rationale: The Na+/K+ ATPase pump maintains the sodium gradient. This gradient is use
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d to drive the cotransport (secondary active transport) of other molecules like glucose and
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amino acids into the cell.
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,2. A biopsy of a tumor reveals cells that are poorly differentiated, vary significantl
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y in size and shape, and have large, hyperchromatic nuclei. Which term best descri
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bes these cellular characteristics?
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• A) Metaplasia
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• B) Dysplasia
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• C) Hyperplasia
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• D) Hypertrophy
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Correct Answer: B) Dysplasia
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Rationale: Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in cell size, shape, and organization. It is
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characterized by pleomorphism (variation in size/shape) and hyperchromatic (darkly stain
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ed) nuclei, often seen in precancerous lesions.
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3. A patient with chronic anemia has a deficiency in intrinsic factor, leading to im
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paired absorption of vitamin B12. This deficiency would most directly impair whic
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h cellular process?
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• A) DNA synthesis
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• B) Oxidative phosphorylation
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• C) Glycolysis
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• D) Fatty acid oxidation
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Correct Answer: A) DNA synthesis
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Rationale: Vitamin B12 is a crucial cofactor for the enzyme methionine synthase, which is
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required for the synthesis of thymidine, a nucleotide essential for DNA replication. Deficien
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cy leads to megaloblastic anemia.
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,Inflammation & Immunity hg hg




4. A patient presents with redness, heat, swelling, and pain at the site of an infect
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ed wound. Which cellular event is primarily responsible for the "heat" and "redne
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ss" observed?
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• A) Increased vascular permeability
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• B) Vasodilation of arterioles
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• C) Leukocyte emigration (diapedesis)
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• D) Activation of the clotting cascade
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Correct Answer: B) Vasodilation of arterioles
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Rationale: Vasodilation, mediated by histamine and other chemical mediators, increases bl
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ood flow to the injured area, resulting in the classic signs of redness (rubor) and heat (calor
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).




5. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experiences glomerulonephr
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itis due to the deposition of immune complexes in the kidney basement membran
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es. This is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
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• A) Type I (Anaphylactic)
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• B) Type II (Cytotoxic)
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• C) Type III (Immune Complex-Mediated)
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• D) Type IV (Cell-Mediated)
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Correct Answer: C) Type III (Immune Complex-Mediated)
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Rationale: SLE is a classic Type III hypersensitivity disorder. Antigen-
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antibody complexes form in the circulation and deposit in tissues (like the glomeruli), activ
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ating complement and causing inflammation and tissue damage.
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, 6. A child with a history of severe, recurrent bacterial infections is found to have a
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hg deficiency in opsonization. Which immune component is most likely defective?
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• A) T-lymphocytes
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• B) Natural Killer (NK) cells
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• C) Complement proteins (specifically C3b)
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• D) Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
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Correct Answer: C) Complement proteins (specifically C3b)
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Rationale: Opsonization is the process of coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis. C3b
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is a major opsonin. A deficiency would impair the ability of phagocytes to engulf bacteria, l
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eading to recurrent infections.
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Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Balance
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7. A patient is admitted with severe vomiting. Arterial blood gas (ABG) results sho
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w: pH 7.50, PaCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3- 32 mEq/L. Which acid-
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base imbalance is most consistent with these findings?
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• A) Metabolic acidosis
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• B) Metabolic alkalosis
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• C) Respiratory acidosis
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• D) Respiratory alkalosis
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Correct Answer: B) Metabolic alkalosis
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Rationale: The pH is elevated (alkalemia) and the HCO3-
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hg is elevated (metabolic origin). The PaCO2 is normal, confirming the primary problem is m
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etabolic. Loss of hydrogen ions and chloride from vomiting causes metabolic alkalosis.
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