Optometry Exam#1 Questions with correct answers
areas of speciality within optometry - ✔✔primary care
pediatrics
vision rehabilitation
contact lenses/cornea
ocular disease
primary care - ✔✔the diagnosis and management of ocular disease, refractive
error and the co-management of oculo-systemic disease, in patients from 12-100+
pediatrics - ✔✔diagnosis and management of infants and children (6 mo-12
years) as well as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), developmental disabilities,
strabismus and amblyopia, binocular vision disorders, accomodative and ocular
motility disorders and vision-related learning problems
vision rehabilitation - ✔✔the examination, treatment and management of
patients with visual impairments which cannot be fully treatable by medical,
surgical or conventional eyewear or contact lenses. Can involve the use of low
vision aids such as magnifiers, specialized optical systems, therapeutic filters, non-
optical options, and/or video magnification, and the prescription of rehabilitation
therapy to effectively maximize visual functioning for activities of daily living
contact lenses/cornea - ✔✔management of anterior segment disease including
fitting of specialty contact lenses for condition including keratoconus, presbyopia,
aphakia, high astigmatism, corneal reshaping, and post-surgical corneas
,ocular disease - ✔✔management of ocular disease including by not limited to
Neurophthalmic, vitreo-retinal, glaucoma and emergency
What are the three important aspects of the eye and vision evaluated by a
comprehensive eye exam? - ✔✔Optics/Refractive error, Binocular
vision/Functional vision, and Ocular Health
What is emmetropia and when does it occur? - ✔✔It is normal vision and occurs
when the light passes through both the cornea and lens to focus light on the
retina
What is hyperopia and when does it occur? - ✔✔It is farsightedness and occurs
when the light passes through both the cornea and the lens to focus light behind
the retina
what is myopia and when does it occur? - ✔✔it is nearsightedness and occurs
when the eye's focusing power is too strong and focuses light in front of the
retina
What is the retina? - ✔✔It is the imaging surface of the eye
What is the cornea - ✔✔It is the clear front surface of the eye
What is the pupil and what is located directly behind it? - ✔✔It is the aperture
(opening) of the iris; the lens is located immediately behind the pupil
,When do refractive errors result? - ✔✔They result when light entering the eye
doesn't focus on the retina
What do eye care providers use to correct refractive errors? - ✔✔Optical aids
such as spectacles and contact lenses or surgical procedures such as LASIK
What is asthenopia? - ✔✔It is eyestrain and can result from functional vision
disorders
What are dysfunctions of the vergence and accommodative systems called? -
✔✔functional vision disorders, binocular vision disorders and near point disorders
What are the symptoms caused by functional vision disorders? When do they
occur? - ✔✔They include asthenopia, headache, blurry vision double vision, tired
eyes, feeling tired during periods of reading, avoidance of near activities or dislike
of reading. They typically occur during or after periods of near work.
In what populations do accommodative disorders have a high prevalance? - ✔✔in
the pediatric population
What must the eyes do to see clearly and comfortable while looking at close
objects? - ✔✔They must work together. They must be pointed at the same object
and the focusing system should work accurately and for prolonged periods of
time.
What can result in eye health problems? - ✔✔A problem with the anatomical
structure of the eye or a systemic medical condition that affects the eye
, What is an example of a problem with anatomic structure of the lens? -
✔✔cataract
What is an example of a medical condition that affects the eye? -
✔✔hypertensive retinopathy
What is DDx? - ✔✔Differential diagnosis is a group of possible diagnoses that
would account for a patient's symptoms
What is Sx? - ✔✔A symptom is subject evidence of a disease noticed by a patient.
What is Sn? - ✔✔A sign is an objective finding as evaluated by the examiner.
The case history is an initiation of the doctor/patient relationship. What should
the doctor do as part of this component of the comprehensive exam? - ✔✔-
investigate medical history
-investigate ocular history
-develop DDx to develop list of possible causes for the patient's symptoms
-determine which additional test to pursue to identify cause of chief complaint
What component of a comprehensive exam are screening tests? What
information do they provide? - ✔✔They give general info re:
Pt's Visual System
areas of speciality within optometry - ✔✔primary care
pediatrics
vision rehabilitation
contact lenses/cornea
ocular disease
primary care - ✔✔the diagnosis and management of ocular disease, refractive
error and the co-management of oculo-systemic disease, in patients from 12-100+
pediatrics - ✔✔diagnosis and management of infants and children (6 mo-12
years) as well as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), developmental disabilities,
strabismus and amblyopia, binocular vision disorders, accomodative and ocular
motility disorders and vision-related learning problems
vision rehabilitation - ✔✔the examination, treatment and management of
patients with visual impairments which cannot be fully treatable by medical,
surgical or conventional eyewear or contact lenses. Can involve the use of low
vision aids such as magnifiers, specialized optical systems, therapeutic filters, non-
optical options, and/or video magnification, and the prescription of rehabilitation
therapy to effectively maximize visual functioning for activities of daily living
contact lenses/cornea - ✔✔management of anterior segment disease including
fitting of specialty contact lenses for condition including keratoconus, presbyopia,
aphakia, high astigmatism, corneal reshaping, and post-surgical corneas
,ocular disease - ✔✔management of ocular disease including by not limited to
Neurophthalmic, vitreo-retinal, glaucoma and emergency
What are the three important aspects of the eye and vision evaluated by a
comprehensive eye exam? - ✔✔Optics/Refractive error, Binocular
vision/Functional vision, and Ocular Health
What is emmetropia and when does it occur? - ✔✔It is normal vision and occurs
when the light passes through both the cornea and lens to focus light on the
retina
What is hyperopia and when does it occur? - ✔✔It is farsightedness and occurs
when the light passes through both the cornea and the lens to focus light behind
the retina
what is myopia and when does it occur? - ✔✔it is nearsightedness and occurs
when the eye's focusing power is too strong and focuses light in front of the
retina
What is the retina? - ✔✔It is the imaging surface of the eye
What is the cornea - ✔✔It is the clear front surface of the eye
What is the pupil and what is located directly behind it? - ✔✔It is the aperture
(opening) of the iris; the lens is located immediately behind the pupil
,When do refractive errors result? - ✔✔They result when light entering the eye
doesn't focus on the retina
What do eye care providers use to correct refractive errors? - ✔✔Optical aids
such as spectacles and contact lenses or surgical procedures such as LASIK
What is asthenopia? - ✔✔It is eyestrain and can result from functional vision
disorders
What are dysfunctions of the vergence and accommodative systems called? -
✔✔functional vision disorders, binocular vision disorders and near point disorders
What are the symptoms caused by functional vision disorders? When do they
occur? - ✔✔They include asthenopia, headache, blurry vision double vision, tired
eyes, feeling tired during periods of reading, avoidance of near activities or dislike
of reading. They typically occur during or after periods of near work.
In what populations do accommodative disorders have a high prevalance? - ✔✔in
the pediatric population
What must the eyes do to see clearly and comfortable while looking at close
objects? - ✔✔They must work together. They must be pointed at the same object
and the focusing system should work accurately and for prolonged periods of
time.
What can result in eye health problems? - ✔✔A problem with the anatomical
structure of the eye or a systemic medical condition that affects the eye
, What is an example of a problem with anatomic structure of the lens? -
✔✔cataract
What is an example of a medical condition that affects the eye? -
✔✔hypertensive retinopathy
What is DDx? - ✔✔Differential diagnosis is a group of possible diagnoses that
would account for a patient's symptoms
What is Sx? - ✔✔A symptom is subject evidence of a disease noticed by a patient.
What is Sn? - ✔✔A sign is an objective finding as evaluated by the examiner.
The case history is an initiation of the doctor/patient relationship. What should
the doctor do as part of this component of the comprehensive exam? - ✔✔-
investigate medical history
-investigate ocular history
-develop DDx to develop list of possible causes for the patient's symptoms
-determine which additional test to pursue to identify cause of chief complaint
What component of a comprehensive exam are screening tests? What
information do they provide? - ✔✔They give general info re:
Pt's Visual System
