EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE PSY 357 GVSU || WITH CERTIFIED
ANSWERS.
A researcher decided to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presenting "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are letters
such as "o"'s and "g"'s. In the other array, there are letters such as "E"'s and "X"'s. which of the
following patterns of results would suggest that letter perception is bottom-up and feature-based?
correct answers Slower detection of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
Along with experience, readers become more: correct answers Efficient in extracting information
from text with fewer eye movements
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direction. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixation point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the left side.
Why is that? correct answers Due to differences in the direction in which each language is
written and read, attention moves further to the right while reading english, and further to the left
while reading Hebrew.
Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both conditions, the subjects'
objective is to identify a letter briefly presented at a specific location on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condition, the letter, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful word,
like "work". In the "isolated" condition, the "r" is presented in isolation at the same position on
the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following patterns of results would
likely be obtained? correct answers Word string: 80%; isolation: 60%
Keith wants to know how much information is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked as
they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual span?
correct answers only make a small amount of letter information available within a window that
moves along with participants' fixations; outside of that window of fixation, letters are replaced
with X's
, The word Superiority effect shows that participants are better at recognizing letters when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isolation or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) _____ effect in reading. correct
answers Top-down effect
When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it is because she is able to
correct answers Store that pronunciation in memory, and access it via the lexical route
Which of the following types of writing systems uses only one symbol per word or morpheme?
correct answers Logography
Which of the following words has a "regular" spelling-to-sound correspondence? correct answers
seen
while reading a novel, Andre makes occasional eye movements to earlier words parts of a text
that he has already read. These kinds of eye movements are called: correct answers Regressions
In what way are interactionist models of sentence comprehension different than modular models?
correct answers Interactionist models propose that non-syntactic information such as the
meanings of words can override parsing decisions that syntax alone would make
One of the target sentences presented in Ferreira & clifton (1986) was this one: "The editor
played the tape agreed it was a big story." Before reading that sentence, participants had either
read a sentence which introduced one editor to the story or two editors into the story. What did
they do? correct answers To test whether paragraph context can influence initial parsing
decisions
Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for
interpreting the sentence, "put the apple on the towel in the box." their results showed the
importance of ____ in how we understand sentences in real time. correct answers real world
context
ANSWERS.
A researcher decided to conduct an experiment similar to Neisser's (1964) visual search study,
presenting "Z"'s in arrays containing two types of distracter objects. In one array, there are letters
such as "o"'s and "g"'s. In the other array, there are letters such as "E"'s and "X"'s. which of the
following patterns of results would suggest that letter perception is bottom-up and feature-based?
correct answers Slower detection of Z's in arrays of E's and X's
Along with experience, readers become more: correct answers Efficient in extracting information
from text with fewer eye movements
Although the perceptual spans of both English speakers and Hebrew speakers are asymmetrical,
they are not asymmetrical in the same direction. For English speakers, perceptual span is larger
to the right side of the current fixation point, and for Hebrew speakers, it is larger to the left side.
Why is that? correct answers Due to differences in the direction in which each language is
written and read, attention moves further to the right while reading english, and further to the left
while reading Hebrew.
Dr. Werdnurd has designed an experiment in the following way: In both conditions, the subjects'
objective is to identify a letter briefly presented at a specific location on a computer screen. In
the "word string" condition, the letter, for example "r", is presented as part of a meaningful word,
like "work". In the "isolated" condition, the "r" is presented in isolation at the same position on
the screen. If he measured accuracy in percent, which of the following patterns of results would
likely be obtained? correct answers Word string: 80%; isolation: 60%
Keith wants to know how much information is perceptually available to people reading English.
To test this so-called "perceptual span", he uses a technique in which people's eyes are tracked as
they read passages of text. Which of the following must he do to test the size of perceptual span?
correct answers only make a small amount of letter information available within a window that
moves along with participants' fixations; outside of that window of fixation, letters are replaced
with X's
, The word Superiority effect shows that participants are better at recognizing letters when they
are presented in the context of a word than when they are presented in isolation or as part of a
nonsense word. Thus, it presents an excellent example of a(n) _____ effect in reading. correct
answers Top-down effect
When Maria pronounces irregular words such as "laughter" correctly, it is because she is able to
correct answers Store that pronunciation in memory, and access it via the lexical route
Which of the following types of writing systems uses only one symbol per word or morpheme?
correct answers Logography
Which of the following words has a "regular" spelling-to-sound correspondence? correct answers
seen
while reading a novel, Andre makes occasional eye movements to earlier words parts of a text
that he has already read. These kinds of eye movements are called: correct answers Regressions
In what way are interactionist models of sentence comprehension different than modular models?
correct answers Interactionist models propose that non-syntactic information such as the
meanings of words can override parsing decisions that syntax alone would make
One of the target sentences presented in Ferreira & clifton (1986) was this one: "The editor
played the tape agreed it was a big story." Before reading that sentence, participants had either
read a sentence which introduced one editor to the story or two editors into the story. What did
they do? correct answers To test whether paragraph context can influence initial parsing
decisions
Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for
interpreting the sentence, "put the apple on the towel in the box." their results showed the
importance of ____ in how we understand sentences in real time. correct answers real world
context
