1 of 26
NURS 660 Exam 1 LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 250 QUESTIONS AND
EXPLAINED ANSWERS |A+GRADE.
Decrease in hippocampus - Correct Answers - Associated with increased dopamine
activity in the striatum.
FGAs - Correct Answers - First-generation antipsychotics including Chlorpromazine,
Thioridazine, Loxapine, Perphenazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Trifluoperazine,
Thiothixene.
FGA MOA - Correct Answers - D2 antagonists that block D2 receptors and decrease
neurotransmission in all 4 pathways.
Serotonin 2A blockade - Correct Answers - 5HT normally suppresses DA in neocortical,
nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular tracts, so 5HT2A block enhances DA transmission
here, mitigating side effects.
Serotonin (5HT)-dopamine antagonism of SGAs - Correct Answers - Atypical
antipsychotics have low EPS and high affinity for 5HT2A, allowing dopamine to bind to D2
receptors more readily.
Neurotransmitters in schizophrenia - Correct Answers - Dopamine, Serotonin, Glutamate.
5HT1A drugs - Correct Answers - Aripiprazole, Cariprazine, Lurasidone, Iloperidone.
5HT1A action - Correct Answers - Antidepressant; anxiolytic; potentiation of serotonin
levels in the presence of SRI.
5HT1B/D - Correct Answers - Detects 5HT at presynapse and blocks 5HT release; has
antidepressant effects.
,2 of 26
5HT1B/D blocking drugs - Correct Answers - Iloperidone, Ziprasidone, Asena pine.
5HT2C action - Correct Answers - Regulates both dopamine and norepinephrine release;
blocking increases dopamine and norepinephrine from prefrontal cortex.
5HT3 action - Correct Answers - Regulates inhibiting GABA interneuron; blocking increases
serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine, and is associated with
nausea/vomiting.
5HT6 - Correct Answers - Key regulator for release of acetylcholine and cognitive
processes; blocking improves learning and memory in experimental animals.
5HT7 - Correct Answers - Regulates serotonin release; blocking disinhibits serotonin
release and affects circadian rhythm.
Proven antidepressant - Correct Answers - Clozapine, quetiapine, Asena pine-strong
Antagonist drugs - Correct Answers - Risperidone, paliperidone, lurasidone-antagonist
High concentrations of D2 receptors - Correct Answers - Ventral Tegmental, substantia
nigra, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, retina
Dopamine pathways in the brain - Correct Answers - Mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, neocortical,
tuberoinfundibular pathway
Dopamine roles - Correct Answers - Movement, Reward, Memory, Lactation, Attention
, 3 of 26
Effect of malfunction of neocortical pathway - Correct Answers - Cognitive, executive
functions and negative symptoms
Effect of blockade of nigrostriatal pathway - Correct Answers - EPS
Effect of blockade of tuberoinfundibular pathway - Correct Answers - Dopamine inhibits
prolactin release; Block too much released and increase prolactin blood levels;
hyperprolactinemia
Drugs with D2 antagonism - Correct Answers - FGA and SGAs
Drugs with partial agonism - Correct Answers - Aripiprazole
Psychosis definition - Correct Answers - Inconsistent and variable thought process,
disorganized behavior/speech; includes hallucinations, delusions, lack of insight; defining
feature of schizophrenia - everyone who has schizophrenia has psychosis but not everyone
who has psychosis has schizophrenia
Treatment for dystonia - Correct Answers - 1. Anticholinergic - Benztropine; 2.
Antihistamine; 3. Benzodiazepine
Treatment of Parkinsonism - Correct Answers - 1. Lower dose; 2. Atypical AP with lower
side effect profile; 3. Concomitant use of anticholinergic - trihexyphenidyl, benztropine,
amantadine, and levodopa
Akathisia treatment - Correct Answers - Acute - benzodiazepine (lorazepam); Prevent by 1.
Lower dose; 2. Change antipsychotics; 3. Add beta-blocker propranolol (blocks adrenergic
activity)
NURS 660 Exam 1 LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027 250 QUESTIONS AND
EXPLAINED ANSWERS |A+GRADE.
Decrease in hippocampus - Correct Answers - Associated with increased dopamine
activity in the striatum.
FGAs - Correct Answers - First-generation antipsychotics including Chlorpromazine,
Thioridazine, Loxapine, Perphenazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Trifluoperazine,
Thiothixene.
FGA MOA - Correct Answers - D2 antagonists that block D2 receptors and decrease
neurotransmission in all 4 pathways.
Serotonin 2A blockade - Correct Answers - 5HT normally suppresses DA in neocortical,
nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular tracts, so 5HT2A block enhances DA transmission
here, mitigating side effects.
Serotonin (5HT)-dopamine antagonism of SGAs - Correct Answers - Atypical
antipsychotics have low EPS and high affinity for 5HT2A, allowing dopamine to bind to D2
receptors more readily.
Neurotransmitters in schizophrenia - Correct Answers - Dopamine, Serotonin, Glutamate.
5HT1A drugs - Correct Answers - Aripiprazole, Cariprazine, Lurasidone, Iloperidone.
5HT1A action - Correct Answers - Antidepressant; anxiolytic; potentiation of serotonin
levels in the presence of SRI.
5HT1B/D - Correct Answers - Detects 5HT at presynapse and blocks 5HT release; has
antidepressant effects.
,2 of 26
5HT1B/D blocking drugs - Correct Answers - Iloperidone, Ziprasidone, Asena pine.
5HT2C action - Correct Answers - Regulates both dopamine and norepinephrine release;
blocking increases dopamine and norepinephrine from prefrontal cortex.
5HT3 action - Correct Answers - Regulates inhibiting GABA interneuron; blocking increases
serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, histamine, and is associated with
nausea/vomiting.
5HT6 - Correct Answers - Key regulator for release of acetylcholine and cognitive
processes; blocking improves learning and memory in experimental animals.
5HT7 - Correct Answers - Regulates serotonin release; blocking disinhibits serotonin
release and affects circadian rhythm.
Proven antidepressant - Correct Answers - Clozapine, quetiapine, Asena pine-strong
Antagonist drugs - Correct Answers - Risperidone, paliperidone, lurasidone-antagonist
High concentrations of D2 receptors - Correct Answers - Ventral Tegmental, substantia
nigra, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, retina
Dopamine pathways in the brain - Correct Answers - Mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, neocortical,
tuberoinfundibular pathway
Dopamine roles - Correct Answers - Movement, Reward, Memory, Lactation, Attention
, 3 of 26
Effect of malfunction of neocortical pathway - Correct Answers - Cognitive, executive
functions and negative symptoms
Effect of blockade of nigrostriatal pathway - Correct Answers - EPS
Effect of blockade of tuberoinfundibular pathway - Correct Answers - Dopamine inhibits
prolactin release; Block too much released and increase prolactin blood levels;
hyperprolactinemia
Drugs with D2 antagonism - Correct Answers - FGA and SGAs
Drugs with partial agonism - Correct Answers - Aripiprazole
Psychosis definition - Correct Answers - Inconsistent and variable thought process,
disorganized behavior/speech; includes hallucinations, delusions, lack of insight; defining
feature of schizophrenia - everyone who has schizophrenia has psychosis but not everyone
who has psychosis has schizophrenia
Treatment for dystonia - Correct Answers - 1. Anticholinergic - Benztropine; 2.
Antihistamine; 3. Benzodiazepine
Treatment of Parkinsonism - Correct Answers - 1. Lower dose; 2. Atypical AP with lower
side effect profile; 3. Concomitant use of anticholinergic - trihexyphenidyl, benztropine,
amantadine, and levodopa
Akathisia treatment - Correct Answers - Acute - benzodiazepine (lorazepam); Prevent by 1.
Lower dose; 2. Change antipsychotics; 3. Add beta-blocker propranolol (blocks adrenergic
activity)
