CEM 141 FINAL EXAM 2026 ACIDS BASES AND
SOLUTIONS WORKBOOK SOLVED QUESTIONS
COMPILATION
◉ Gold foil experiment
Answer: -most particles went straight through
-every once in awhile particles were deflected
-1/8000 particles bounced back
-led to model of atom; small, dense, positively charged nucleus
◉ Atomic Emission Spectrum
Answer: Spectrum that emits photons, energy diagram: electron
goes down energy levels.
◉ neutrons
Answer: -discovered in 1932
-slightly heavier than protons
◉ Atomic Absorption Spectrum
Answer: Spectrum that absorbs photons, energy diagram: electrons
goes up in energy levels.
,◉ Current model of atom
Answer: -nucleus contains protons and neutrons
-cloud of electrons
◉ Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Answer: Principle states that we can't accurately measure both the
position and the energy of a small particle (electron)
Bohr's model did - why its wrong.
◉ charges of electrons, protons, neutrons
Answer: -electrons: -1, 1/3000 amu
-protons: +1, 1 amu
-neutrons: 0 charge, 1 amu
◉ Schrodinger's Wave Equation
Answer: Treated electron as waves derived by mathematical
descriptions of energies.
Psi = wave function of an electron
Psi^2 = probability of finding an electron.
◉ force (types)
Answer: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, weak
,◉ Atomic Orbitals
Answer: Regions of space where electrons with a particular
quantized energy have a high probability of being found, described
by quantum numbers.
◉ gravitational force
Answer: attraction between objects that have mass. requires 2+
objects
Fg=Gm1m2/r^2
◉ What are the quantum numbers?
Answer: n, l, ml, and ms.
◉ electromagnetic force
Answer: attraction/repulsion between objects with electrical charge
Fe=Q1Q2/r^2
◉ What does quantum number "n" mean?
Answer: Determines the energy of the electron and identifies its
shell.
, ◉ change in matter is accompanied by a change in_______
Answer: energy
◉ What does quantum number "l" mean?
Answer: Identifies the type of orbital (s,p,d) and subshell
= 0 - n-1.
◉ change in energy caused by a change in ______
Answer: forces
◉ What does quantum number "ml" mean?
Answer: Specifies a particular orbital within a subshell
= -l - +l (2l + 1 possible values)
tells us how many s,p,d orbitals are found in each sub shell.
◉ energy units
Answer: joule (kg/m^2s^2) and calories.
◉ What does quantum number "ms" mean?
Answer: Describes the spin of the electron in each orbital
= +1/2 or -1/2
(only 2 e- in each orbital, each one has either + spin or - spin).
SOLUTIONS WORKBOOK SOLVED QUESTIONS
COMPILATION
◉ Gold foil experiment
Answer: -most particles went straight through
-every once in awhile particles were deflected
-1/8000 particles bounced back
-led to model of atom; small, dense, positively charged nucleus
◉ Atomic Emission Spectrum
Answer: Spectrum that emits photons, energy diagram: electron
goes down energy levels.
◉ neutrons
Answer: -discovered in 1932
-slightly heavier than protons
◉ Atomic Absorption Spectrum
Answer: Spectrum that absorbs photons, energy diagram: electrons
goes up in energy levels.
,◉ Current model of atom
Answer: -nucleus contains protons and neutrons
-cloud of electrons
◉ Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Answer: Principle states that we can't accurately measure both the
position and the energy of a small particle (electron)
Bohr's model did - why its wrong.
◉ charges of electrons, protons, neutrons
Answer: -electrons: -1, 1/3000 amu
-protons: +1, 1 amu
-neutrons: 0 charge, 1 amu
◉ Schrodinger's Wave Equation
Answer: Treated electron as waves derived by mathematical
descriptions of energies.
Psi = wave function of an electron
Psi^2 = probability of finding an electron.
◉ force (types)
Answer: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, weak
,◉ Atomic Orbitals
Answer: Regions of space where electrons with a particular
quantized energy have a high probability of being found, described
by quantum numbers.
◉ gravitational force
Answer: attraction between objects that have mass. requires 2+
objects
Fg=Gm1m2/r^2
◉ What are the quantum numbers?
Answer: n, l, ml, and ms.
◉ electromagnetic force
Answer: attraction/repulsion between objects with electrical charge
Fe=Q1Q2/r^2
◉ What does quantum number "n" mean?
Answer: Determines the energy of the electron and identifies its
shell.
, ◉ change in matter is accompanied by a change in_______
Answer: energy
◉ What does quantum number "l" mean?
Answer: Identifies the type of orbital (s,p,d) and subshell
= 0 - n-1.
◉ change in energy caused by a change in ______
Answer: forces
◉ What does quantum number "ml" mean?
Answer: Specifies a particular orbital within a subshell
= -l - +l (2l + 1 possible values)
tells us how many s,p,d orbitals are found in each sub shell.
◉ energy units
Answer: joule (kg/m^2s^2) and calories.
◉ What does quantum number "ms" mean?
Answer: Describes the spin of the electron in each orbital
= +1/2 or -1/2
(only 2 e- in each orbital, each one has either + spin or - spin).
