CCI RCS VALVULAR HEART DISEASE CASE
SCENARIOS ANALYTICAL REVIEW PAPER
2026 GRADED A+
◉ Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with ?.
Answer: Mid diastolic click and/or late systolic murmur
◉ Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from?.
Answer: Ischemic heart disease
◉ What is ischemic heart disease?.
Answer: Term given to heart problems cause by narrowing heart
arteries
◉ What is Dressler's syndrome?.
Answer: An autoimmune disease that causes fibrinous pericarditis
weeks to months after an MI
*Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart. (Pericardium)
◉ What is rheumatic heart disease?.
,Answer: Starts in childhood as strep throat and rheumatic fever. It is
characterized by reduced functional capacity of heart caused by
inflammatory changes in the myocardium or scarring of the valves.
◉ In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by
echocardiography the vegetation's must have a diameter of at least ?.
Answer: 3mm or .3cm
◉ How many veins connect pulmonary vascular beds with left
atrium in normal heart?.
Answer: 4
◉ Which m-mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of
fenestrated aortic valve?.
Answer: Diastolic flutter of aortic valve
◉ What is a fenestration ?.
Answer: A hole or perforation specifically in heart valve
◉ What is Marfans syndrome?.
Answer: Disorder that affects the bodies connective tissue
◉ How does marfans syndrome affect the heart?.
, Answer: Can cause mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and aortic dilation
◉ What are the differences between true and pseudo aneurysms?.
Answer: Pseudo= narrow neck , abrupt edges , lined with thrombus
True= wide neck , tapering edges , apical thrombus
◉ What type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis?.
Answer: A.) congestive C.) hypertrophic
B.) restrictive D.) infiltrative
Ans: D- infiltrative
◉ What is carcinoid heart disease?.
Answer: Characterized by thickened, shortened and immobile
tricuspid valve leaflets with tricuspid regurgitation or less
commonly tricuspid stenosis
◉ Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated
lesion and is usually associated with?.
Answer: Ventricular septal defect
◉ What 2D view is best to assess the interatrial septum?.
Answer: Subcostal 4 chamber
SCENARIOS ANALYTICAL REVIEW PAPER
2026 GRADED A+
◉ Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with ?.
Answer: Mid diastolic click and/or late systolic murmur
◉ Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from?.
Answer: Ischemic heart disease
◉ What is ischemic heart disease?.
Answer: Term given to heart problems cause by narrowing heart
arteries
◉ What is Dressler's syndrome?.
Answer: An autoimmune disease that causes fibrinous pericarditis
weeks to months after an MI
*Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart. (Pericardium)
◉ What is rheumatic heart disease?.
,Answer: Starts in childhood as strep throat and rheumatic fever. It is
characterized by reduced functional capacity of heart caused by
inflammatory changes in the myocardium or scarring of the valves.
◉ In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by
echocardiography the vegetation's must have a diameter of at least ?.
Answer: 3mm or .3cm
◉ How many veins connect pulmonary vascular beds with left
atrium in normal heart?.
Answer: 4
◉ Which m-mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of
fenestrated aortic valve?.
Answer: Diastolic flutter of aortic valve
◉ What is a fenestration ?.
Answer: A hole or perforation specifically in heart valve
◉ What is Marfans syndrome?.
Answer: Disorder that affects the bodies connective tissue
◉ How does marfans syndrome affect the heart?.
, Answer: Can cause mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and aortic dilation
◉ What are the differences between true and pseudo aneurysms?.
Answer: Pseudo= narrow neck , abrupt edges , lined with thrombus
True= wide neck , tapering edges , apical thrombus
◉ What type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis?.
Answer: A.) congestive C.) hypertrophic
B.) restrictive D.) infiltrative
Ans: D- infiltrative
◉ What is carcinoid heart disease?.
Answer: Characterized by thickened, shortened and immobile
tricuspid valve leaflets with tricuspid regurgitation or less
commonly tricuspid stenosis
◉ Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as an isolated
lesion and is usually associated with?.
Answer: Ventricular septal defect
◉ What 2D view is best to assess the interatrial septum?.
Answer: Subcostal 4 chamber
